Friday, May 31, 2019

Communication in Health Care Essay -- Healthcare Communication

Introduction This is an analysis of a taped interview between a nurse and a patient who is taking pre-employment medicals. The information given during the interview, including her name, solicit Cloud is fictitious because of the need of confidentiality. During the interview, objective and subjective data entrust be collected. The areas of communication focused on in the analysis are verbal, speculative and listening skills. Analysis will be made and later suggestions and recommendations will be made on how to make improvements in the future. To achieve this, direct quotations from the will be used to make references to the three theories being analysed and will be supported by the literature.Analysis of the interview An interview is a planned social conversation with a purpose between two people who interact largely through a question and answer format to achieve particular proposition goals. Verbal communication is a way in which people communicate f ace to face. The key components of verbal communication are words and phrases, intonation and limpidity and brevity. Different words and phrases have different nubs. The denotation meaning is shared by individuals who share a common language while connotative meaning is the interpretation of a words meaning influenced by feeling and thoughts of people. Therefore, Nurses should carefully select words that cannot be interpreted, especially when explaining a clients medical condition (Taylor & Crisp, 2006). Additionally, other concepts of verbal communication skills such as questioning and probing, paraphrasing and understanding are used when talking to patients. Questioning and probing is where motley types of questions and statements... ...Apler, J. P. (2006). Professional nurse communications skills sets in health care team interactions. Journal of Professional breast feeding , 22 (2), 180-189.Boyler, D. &. (2004). Enhancing collaborative communication of Nurded and Psysican Leadership. Journal of Nursing Administartion , 34 (2), 60-70.Dixon, J. &. (2006). Skilled communicationmaking it real.Advances in critical care. Journal of Continuing Education In Nursing , 17 (4), 376-382.Robertson, K. (2004). Active listening much than just paying attention. Australia Australian Family Pysician.Roter, D. (2004). The enduring and evolving nature of the patient-physician relationship. Journal of clinical oncology , 22 (13), 10-15.Stein-Parbury, J. (2009). Patient and person. New YorkChurchill Livingstone.Taylor & Crisp. (2006). Fundamental of Nursing. Sydney , New south wales, Australia Vaughn Curtis.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Eating Disorders And Gymnastics Essay examples -- Athletes Sports Pape

Eating Disorders And Gymnastics Eating disquiets are especially common among athletes because the pressure of the variance environment frequently precipitates the onset of these problems. In this population, certain compulsive behaviors such as excessive exercise and restricted eating patterns are seen as acceptable, and pathogenic methods of weight control are often introduced. In addition, concern about body size and shape is increased because of the social influence for thinness from coaches and peers, fretfulness about athletic implementation, and negative self-appraisal of athletic achievement (Williamson et al. 1995). Finally, the competitive nature of sports reinforces characteristics such as perfectionism, high achievement motivation, obsessive behavior, control of physique, and attention to decimal point (Ludwig 1996). Most successful athletes are more(prenominal) determined and more disciplined than the average individual. They often set very high goals for themselv es and work extra hours severally day to reach them. These same attributes, however, can lead to eating disorders and are often found in anorexic and bulimic patients. Are certain types of sports more prone to develop eating disorders than others? Eating disorders are obviously found in all sports, but athletes participating in activities that emphasize leanness for performance and appearance are at a significantly greater risk. Thus, gymnasts, long-distance runners, divers, and figure skaters are more prone to developing eating disorders and related problems than those who fight in nonweight-restricting sports such as volleyball or football. Furthermore, disordered eating patterns are found more in female athletes than in males. In a NCAA survey of collegiate athl... ...utjesdyk, D., & Jevne, R. (1993). Eating disorders among high performance athletes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 271-281. 13. Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1994). Risk and trigger factors for the development of ea ting disorders in female elite athletes. euphony and Science in Sports and Exercise, 414-418. 14. Ultra slim & fast (1996). Psychology Today, 29, 17-18. 15. Vuori, Ilkka (1996). Peak bone mass and physical activity a short review. food Reviews, 54, S11-17. 16. Warren, B., Stanton, A., & Blessing, D. (1990). Disordered eating patterns in competitive female athletes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 565- 569. 17. Williamson, D. et al. (1995). Structural equation modeling of risk factors for the development of eating disorder symptoms in female athletes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17, 387-393.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Writing about Love Essay -- Love Poems Poetry Literature Essays

Writing about LoveLove poems have always been very popular because cognise is one of thedeepest emotions that people burn down feel and poetry is a good way toexpress such an emotion. When people think of love, they think of a exemplary romantic love but an exploration of pre-1914 love poetry showsother types of love such as unrequited love and obsessive love. Thepoems I leave alone explore in depth are To his Coy Mistress by AndrewMarvin, The Garden of Love by William Blake, and How do I lovethee by Elizabeth Barrett-Browning.Blakes poem The Garden of Love is his view of being deceived by theperception of marriage. He has shown this by using the Chapel tosymbolize marriage. When he gets there he finds Thou shalt notwritten over the door and he thinks this symbolizes restrictions. Heuses the language of the Ten Commandments to emphasize this. He alsofinds a gate just about the Chapel, symbolizing yet more restrictions. The purport of the poem is negative and this is unlike the o ther poemswhich show a more optimistic view of love. This negative tone is shownby the tombstones being where the flowers of the Garden of Loveshould be. This may have been influenced by the fact that Blake waswriting in the m of the French Revolution which was a time of greatsocial upheaval and uncertainty. Also this poem is part of BlakesSongs of Experience where he goes back to some earlier ideas andfinds hat things that seemed good when he was younger are not so goodwhen you grow older.Another poem with a negative tone is Villegiature by Edith Nesbitwho was writing after Blake. This poem is not about the restrictionsof marriage but about a possible romance that has fallen apart. Blakes poem seems... ...at if theystay together their love volition never die.In Elizabeth Barrett Brownings How Do I Love Thee? there is alsouse of hyperbole. For example in the last line she saysI shall but love thee better after deathBarrett Browning uses the hyperbole to show romantic love. The lo veis so strong in this poem it can almost become unrequited love as shealmost idolizes this person. Barrett Browning tries to measure herlove for this man. The use of repetition of I love thee may get atedious tone to this poem but it really emphasizes her point. As herlove in this poem is so large to explain she compares it to situationsshowing faculty or other emotions such as joy, but even sadness isinvolved from the reference of tears. I think this shows that all herlife and after goes into this kindly of love not just the good times andit is hard work.

Free Will Vs. Fate In The Open :: essays research papers

The Open Boat, by Steven Crane, demonstrates fate vs. destitute ordain. In this story the characters ar subject to contemplating how their fate is being determined, however free will cannot be dismissed as a contributor to their situation. The fine line between fate and free will, if it exists, is hard to define.There ar umpteen philosophical and religious debates between the concepts of free will and fate. Free will is based on a belief that our future is based on the decisions that we present today. Looking back over our life at where we are is a product of our past. Another view that is commonly suggested is fate. Fate can be considered your destiny, what you are going to become. It is a predetermined future. The world can be looked at like it is a giant play and everyone is here to just act give away their part and then die.There are many arguments that can be used to ratify both of these ideologies. A person being born into beggary in the middle city, in most cases, has certain limitations placed on his future. They will not have the same opportunities that many of have such as a good education, strong ethics and family upbringing. That a person is not able to decide his future, but it has already been chosen for him. The idea of free will can argue that &8220 in most cases, in the above statement, is a key. There are people who have developed very successfully let out of these urban areas to (1)accomplish great things and proving that a persons free will decides there future. In The Open Boat naturalism comes into play as, once again, humans are shown insignificant to the forces of their world. As their first attempt at getting to shore fails they begin to feel they are not going to make it. They are asking why fate has allowed them to come so close before their lives are taken, &8220If i am going to be drowned - if I am going to be drowned - if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea was I allowed to c ome this far and contemplate the gumption and the trees? (pg.131)Was it their fate to be given the glimmer of freedom only to have it yanked away from them by the ultimate punishment of death?

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Environment Analysis of Greater Manchester County Essay -- Environment

My essay focuses on the county of Greater Manchester in North West England. A thriving metropolitan area, the county has been a place of interest since its rise in the Industrial Revolution. Greater Manchester is a landlocked county in the North West constituent of England. The Pennine mountain range runs along its northern and eastern borders, whilst the West Pennine Moors are rig on its air jacketern border. To the south lies Cheshire, a flat county with large plains odd by glaciers in previous Ice Ages. Greater Manchester therefore has a graded profile, with steep mountains and hills to the north-east gradually settling out to low-lying, fertile plains in the south-west.The countys geology consists mainly of rock from 3 geological periods the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, alongside glacial deposits left over from Ice Ages in the Quaternary period. The oldest rocks seem to be found in the north-east of the county, and the youngest in the south-east. The Permian and Trias sic rocks laid down are indicative of hot, desert conditions with the formation of mudstones and sandstones Red Permian sandstones are overlaid by red, brown and yellow(a) Triassic sandstones and mudstones from the Sherwood Sandstone Group. These rocks are found mainly in southern Greater Manchester. (Natural England). Glacial till is also common in the low-lying areas to the south and west of Greater Manchester. Following frequent changes in climate in the Quaternary period, glaciers have advanced and retreated leaving a layer of glacial deposits in their wake (Natural England). These deposits were transported downstream via meltwater rivers to lowland areas, making them fertile and very useful for pastoral farming. As such, lowland areas have become popula... ...ved January 16, 2011, from Crimestop Guards http//www.crimestopguards.co.uk/manchester.htmGeology Roam. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Edina Digimap http//digimap.edina.ac.uk/geologymapper/geologymapperjsession id=2E1FABFC46F36A0FF08FE920D9377244?execution=e1s1Greater Manchester. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Manchester modeNatural England. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Natural England http//www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/geodiversity/englands/counties/area_ID15.aspxSeager, R. (2006). The Source of Europes Mild Climate. American Scientist, 334 - 341.UK Mine & Quarry Listout - North West England. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from UK Mine & Quarry Listout - North West England http//www.aditnow.co.uk/mines-quarries-uk-regions/north-west-england/

Environment Analysis of Greater Manchester County Essay -- Environment

My essay focuses on the county of greater Manchester in North westside England. A thriving metropolitan area, the county has been a place of interest since its rise in the Industrial Revolution. Greater Manchester is a landlocked county in the North western United States region of England. The Pennine mountain range runs along its northern and eastern borders, whilst the westward Pennine Moors are found on its western border. To the sulfur lies Cheshire, a flat county with pear-shaped plains left by glaciers in previous Ice Ages. Greater Manchester therefore has a graded profile, with steep mountains and hills to the north-east gradually settling out to low-lying, strong plains in the south-west.The countys geology consists mainly of rock from 3 geological periods the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, alongside fixed deposits left over from Ice Ages in the Quaternary period. The oldest rocks seem to be found in the north-east of the county, and the youngest in the south-eas t. The Permian and Triassic rocks laid down are indicative of hot, desert conditions with the formation of mudstones and sandstones Red Permian sandstones are overlaid by red, cook and yellow Triassic sandstones and mudstones from the Sherwood Sandstone Group. These rocks are found mainly in southern Greater Manchester. (Natural England). Glacial till is also common in the low-lying areas to the south and west of Greater Manchester. Following frequent changes in climate in the Quaternary period, glaciers have advanced and retreated leaving a layer of glacial deposits in their wake (Natural England). These deposits were transported downstream via meltwater rivers to lowland areas, making them fertile and very useful for pastoral farming. As such, lowland areas have become popula... ...ved January 16, 2011, from Crimestop Guards http//www.crimestopguards.co.uk/manchester.htmGeology Roam. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Edina Digimap http//digimap.edina.ac.uk/geologymapper/g eologymapperjsessionid=2E1FABFC46F36A0FF08FE920D9377244?execution=e1s1Greater Manchester. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_ManchesterClimateNatural England. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Natural England http//www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/geodiversity/englands/counties/area_ID15.aspxSeager, R. (2006). The Source of Europes Mild Climate. American Scientist, 334 - 341.UK Mine & Quarry Listout - North West England. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from UK Mine & Quarry Listout - North West England http//www.aditnow.co.uk/mines-quarries-uk-regions/north-west-england/

Monday, May 27, 2019

Boston Beerâ€Is Greater Growth Possible? Essay

1. Have you ever tried one of the capital of Massach aimtts Beer create from raw materials? If so, how did you like the taste? Was it worth the mettle several(prenominal)er impairment? I bugger offnt tried any one of the capital of Massachusetts Beer brews, so Im not sure whether I will like its taste. I searched the key word the capital of Massachusetts Beer on the Internet, I found that there be three distinct characteristics of this brands beers fuddled-flavor, whimsical package and spicy prices. Although a disseminate of beer aficionados will pay for the high price, as an ordinary beer customer, I dont think it deserve the higher price. I have two reasons Firstly, it is difficult for ordinary beer customers to distinguish which kind of beer have a good superior and which kind of beer havent. Not to mention, which brewery use premium ingredients to brew their beer. In nearly of time, we choose to grease ones palms a brand of beer just because its advertisement successf ully leave its name in our mind or the passport from our friends.On the other hand, we usually drink beer with our friends at home party. So our main objective is to have fun not enjoy tasting high-quality beers. Also, its unique package does not make sense to us. No one will collect them, so the simpler the better. We dont ask to pay the bill for its pleasing package. To pay the same money, we prefer to have more than quantity to ensure everyone hatful have full beer than ensure everyone can have high-quality beer. On this point, the capital of Massachusetts Beer will lose a big part of beer customers because of its high-price strategy. In summary, the capital of Massachusetts Beer growths do not deserve such a high price because their apprise in quality and package cant be recognized by the general public.2. The investment funds community evidently thought capital of Massachusetts Beer had salient growth strength to have bid up the initial price so quickly. Why do you su ppose so most fell into this frame? Or was Jim Koch a poor executive in not bringing capital of Massachusetts Beer up to their expectations? So many slew fell into this trap because they overestimated the potential for development of the capital of Massachusetts Beer. But in the fact, capital of Massachusetts Beers potential is trammel. That the growth potential is sorely limited due to two factors a. Ease of entre into the industry, which encourages a host of competitors. This turned out to be especially true with the influx of microbrewers, to 3,000 in just a few years. b. Finite potential in demand. Demand for specialty beer, while atfirst robust and rising, was certainly not going to take over the mainstream beer foodstuffplace. Given the rush to microbreweries in an milieu of limited demand, the aspirations of Jim Koch to be a dominant force in the brewing industry had to be curbed.He could still be a profitable upstanding and do tumesce in his niche, but he would n ever be a challenge beyond that. Perhaps that is enough for most entrepreneurs. But this is remote unable to go the high expectations of the people of Boston Beer. On the contrary, Jim Koch is a really good market executive. He used excellent marketing strategy when Boston Beer announced its initial public armoury offering (IPO) of shares. The guild put clip-and-mail coupons on Samuel Adams half a dozen-packs and other beer packages. These offered customers a chance to buy 33 shares of stock at a maximum price of $15, or $495 total. In marketing, promotion is always a good way for the company to raise exchanges. Similarly, the Boston Beer use this way to arouse wide public concern, and give the customers the illusion of buying is earning.Only one subscription was allowed per customer,and these were honored on a first-come, first-served basis. People always suspect for those limited things, for fear of miss it even in one-second hesitation. By seizing this customers psychology , the first-come, first-served basis contributed a lot to bidding up Boston Beers initial price and caused so many people fell into this trap. Just because this this two marketing promotion tools, the Boston Beers stock was oversubscribed within a short period of time.3. The myriad specialty beers are but a fad. People will quickly tire of an expensive, strong-flavored beer. Much of it is just a gimmick. Discuss. As far as I am concerned, the myriad specialty beers are not just a gimmick, although when too much kind of microbrews appear in the market will make the customer retrieve difficult to choose any kind of them and sometimes they will feel tired. I want to ornament them from the following two aspects a. The microbrews have their own specific market, those who willing to pay for the high price for the strong-flavored or the unique package. For example, a can of Sprite is change in the supermarket for about 4 dime, but it is sold for 2 dollar in the restaurant with a glass o f ice and a slice of lemon. Is a glass of ice and a slice of lemon value 1.6 dollar? Without a doubt, the answer is no. Why will so many people pay for it? Because it is convenient.Everything has its own market has the reason to exist. b. No matter the other microbrew is just a gimmick, the Boston Beer is not. To a certain extent, its high level represents its high quality. Samuel Adams was not only voted the Best Beer in America four times at the annual Great American Beer Festival, but also received six gold medals in blind tastings. Skimming away its price, just concern the quality, this is enough to explain the Boston Beer has the high quality. Because of its high quality, Boston Beer still prolong the leading position and continue to profit in the fierce industry competition.4. What problems do you see retailers facing with the burgeoning number of different beers today? What might be the implications of this? Nowadays, a number of various beer brands suddenly appear on the ho rizon so that the competitive grow. Retailers are looking for marketing support and Boston Beer has the better(p) quality and marketing. Lots of the non-traditional beers are still lacking the commercial support from the breweries where they come from and are left to retailers for a smaller group of consumers that may agnize about them or are curious for new options coming from places with microbrewery tradition like Portland, Colorado, etc. To be successful, retailers moldiness do more deep researches to retrieve out consumers needs and meet consumers expectation.In addition, retailers have to consider how many beer brands they would like to sell and which kinds of beers are popular in general market. Our suggestion is that retailers must focus on selling some(prenominal) kinds of beers instead of selling all kinds of beers. Maybe retailers think that if they can sell all kind of beers to expand the market but it will result in an affix in the logistic personify and a ebb in the quantity. To develop the market, retailers need to use efficacious marketing method to promote their products. For example, retailers can generate the discount for consumers once two or three months and combine beers and other goods to sell because consumers always want to save some coin and get the same product with cheaper price.5. Playing the devils advocate (one who takes an opposing view for the sake of argument prices in the world for your beer. The manufactures cost might be the same as traditional beers as quality doesnt necessarily translatesto higher costs. And its been seen in several other commercial cases that sometimes the higher price in a product is just a socio-economical status differentiator which makes the consumer that can afford it feel special even when the real support of quality is not completely proven or being tasted. In addition, setting the price is an important meter before developing the product into the market because the price is one of facto rs, which will effect how many consumers will buy it. If the price is too high, some of consumers cant afford to buy it. Maybe they are willing to try or use the product but they dont have enough money to re-buy.Therefore, consumers have many choices because there are a lot of substitute products in the market. In the other words, the high price may decrease the selling and increase the risks in the ownership of inventory, which will become obsoleted or out of fresh. In general aspect, the luxury product is equal to the social status. If the price is too high to afford, it will downsize of the potential market. Even thought you employ the best strategy to promote the product, it doesnt increase in quantity and increase the profit. In addition, not everyone are good at distinguish the differentiation between Boston Beer and other beers so that they wont insist to buy the beer with higher price. For example, Mary wants to hold a birthday party and invite the whole freshman to particip ate. So she has to buy a lot of food, beverage and beers. Because of limited budget, she cant afford the high price of beer even though the tasty is good.6. We saw the detection of a problem with the freshness of a beer at a restaurant by Jim Koch himself. How can Boston Beer prevent such incidents from happening again? Can such distributor negligence or brusque actions be totally prevented by Boston Beer? In products that maintain a higher price based on quality that quality control investment on the product should go all the way to the retailers. There are several ways that Jim Koch can prevent the crowing quality. First, Jim Koch must re-check every shade from manufacture to package. The most important part is container because beer is a kind of sensitive product, which needs to store carefully.Secondly, Boston Beer needs to build up a strong relationship with their retailers and distributors. A good partnership also can prevent the same problem happen again because Boston Bee r and their retailers or distributors understandthat they are a team, which share the same goals, reputation, and benefits. Thirdly, if retailers dont know how to store those beers in warehouse or keep the beers in fresh, Jim Koch must send some professional employees or salespeople to educate those retailers and teach them how to keep the beer in fresh. Finally, Jim Koch has to evaluate or visit retailers regularly. The methods above are very useful to avoid the bad quality problem happen again.7. Do you think Boston Beer can continue to compete effectively against the demon brewers who are moving with their infinitely great resources into the specialty beer market with their own microbrews? Why or why not? In our group opinion, Boston Beer can continue to compete effectively against the giant brewers who are moving with their infinitely greater resources into the specialty beer market with their own microbrews. There are three reasons to explain it. First, Boston beer has built up a good brand image. When other giant brewers into the specialty beer market with their microbrews, Boston beer has been develop their microbrews a long time. It means the brand of Boston beer has been recognized as one of the industrys most famous microbrews. It already has relative stable customer group. The second reason is high quality and flavor of beer.Jim Koch gets a recipe from his great-great-grandfather, Louis Koch. This recipe is more full-bodied than such beers as Budweiser or Miller. Jim Koch also uses best material and longer time in Boston beer so that the quality and flavor is better than other brands of beer. Because the cost of Boston beer is expensive, the sale price must expensive than other beers. In many peoples mind, high price means high quality. People cannot buy expensive car but everyone can buy an expensive beer. When people taste Boston beer, they will be attracted by its quality and flavor. Although the price of Boston beer is higher than giant brewer s, it has attracting some relative stable customer groups though the high quality and flavor of Boston beer. This is offer benefits for Boston beer continued growth. Boston Beer can keep a sales force and relative to competitors so that it can provide a higher level of quality service than the larger mass brewers. Consequently, Boston beer has more competitive edge by their quality product and sale service quality in the beer market. The hold up reason is Boston beer has a good operation principle.Initial period,Boston beer didnt have enough money, so it made contracts with other brewery use Jim Kochs recipe to relieve oneself beer. Boston beer use this way to save the cost of plan and equipment to develop its marketing, such as advertise. If the brewery cannot produce high standards beer, they will find another brewery. It not only save money but also ensure the quality and flavor of beer. Therefore, Boston Beer can compete effectively with even the largest beer brand that is mov ing with their infinitely greater resources into the specialty beer market with their own microbrews. In contrast with giant brewers, Boston Beer has built up its brand in the microbrews market. It still keeps quality and flavor not lower the price and quality. The customers will be used to think Boston Beers first and in this way, the sale force will be strengthened. 8. In 1998, Boston Beer produced more than two dozen styles of beer. Then a few years later it was down to just a few. Now its up to more than 21 again.Do you see any problems with this? Our group fined some problems with this question. First, Boston beer wants produce to attract consumer. However, everyones taste is different a single taste of beer cant satisfy the needs of all customers. So, Boston beer offered more than two dozen styles of beer for consumers choices in 1998. This way can attract many customers. But, it also brings a lot of problems. Boston beer must spend more cost in the propaganda of different kin ds of beer. When Boston beer company produce a new style of beer, they must do a process of marketing, like marketing research, product development, pricing and advertising, to find potential consumers and affect them to buy the new product. It needs a lot of money but the new products may not meet customer. It takes stress for Boston Beer political party. Anther problem which Boston beer offers more than two dozen styles of beer is Boston beer will lose some consumers.Like in the article, an industry analyst said After people got inundated with so many choices . . . they kind of stepped back. Then a few years later, Boston Beer club find their market share is smalla market that represented just 3 percent of the U.S. Beer Market. Thus, Boston beer Company was down to a few styles of beer, concentrating only on best sellers the flagship lager and four seasonal brews. This is a very good strategy decision. Boston Beer through calculate from the data and find out most of the consume rs prefer which taste and they can adjust marketing strategy. This decision can reduce a lot of unnecessary spending and ensurethe interests. Meanwhile, Boston Beer Company also ensures the main products market share in all the microbrews market. Although the decision that Boston Beer Company cut their beer styles to just a few cause Boston beer lost some consumer who like other styles of beer, it brings a lot of advancing for the development of the Boston Beer Company in the overall strategy.In recent years, Boston Beer Company has development quickly. Even in all beer industry recession, Boston Beer still maintains good performance. Its beer because of high quality and full-bodied flavor won many awards in the beer game. With development of Boston Beer Company, it has become an able company. Its main products are stability, and the customers market share close to saturation in micro brew market. In this case, Boston Beer Company to seek new breakthroughs will produce new products. Now, its up to their beer more than 21 types again. But, this decision may cause some problems. First, the demand of microbrews is finite. Too many types of beer choices will divide up the main of Boston beers market share. Second, in recent years, microbrew competitors has increased dramatically, Boston beer produce many kinds of beer will distract the attention of the main products, to reduce the main product competitiveness. Third, the introduction of new products in Boston beer is too much at the same time. This is confusing the choices of customers.If Boston beer introduces only three or four styles new beer, consumer can choose one or more than one styles beer to taste. However, Boston beer introduces 21 styles beer, consumer dont know which one is better and most consumers cant buy all these new styles beer because the price of Boston beer is expensive. The last problem of this decision is high risk. Every new product into market must have risk and the introduction of new pr oducts need a lot of cost.. Boston Beer Company should introduce a few styles beer one time so that we can know the customers to the new product satisfaction as well as the desire to buy. If customers are satisfied with the new products, Boston Beer Company will continue to launch other new products If customers are not satisfied, the company can find the reasons of customers are not satisfied, and then eliminate these problems put other new products. When Boston Beer Company launches its all the new products at short time, the cost of this way and risk will higher than only introduce a few styles beer. Therefore, in different period Boston Beer Company increase or decrease the types of beer will cause some benefits butalso brings a lot of harm for its development.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Fractional Growth Factors

Early Field Experience Lesson Plan Fractional Growth Factor CMP math 8th Grade Ms. Tanisha Wilson Fifer Middle School Tanisha Wilson MTSC 403 Fall 2011 CONTEXTUAL FACTORS Student Characteristics in that location 28 educatees and they atomic itemise 18 in 8th grade CMP math crime syndicate. There be some students in this be comprehension so there atomic arrive 18 two teachers in the castroom. There is a regular mathematics fosterage teacher, and there is a special aid teacher. The students in this trackify leave to take two mathematics partitiones each day, a CMT course and a homework course which get out help them score high on their DCAS scores.They ar from different nationality backgrounds and they understand English well. There is star student in the class who has a wheel chair and the desk is arranged for him to sit comfortably by the door. Overall the students in this class are well behaved and eager to learn mathematics. grouping Patterns Students seats ar e arranged in groups of four. Students entrust work in groups of four and a class as a unscathed leave alone whole. Prerequisite Knowledge Students should already be able to identify the harvest-feast doer in the problem with reasoning, the y- intercept, and what everything number in the equivalence represent.Students are also expected to discern what exponential suppuration mean and are able to graph and cypher with exponential exploitation with whole poetry. Instructional Materials novel posting, smart responders, paper, pencil LEARNING GOALS Mathematical Learning Goals Students volition build on their knowledge of exponential growth. Students ordain mobilize about exponential growth with the fractional (or decimal) growth factors and know when it is portion to round the number to the adjacent decimal place and why. Students will know how to queue up the fractional exponential growth apply the formula P= a (b)x. NCTM Content StandardsGrades 6-8 Algebra * Identi fy functions as bilinear or nonlinear and contrast their properties from tables, graphs, or equivalences. * Model and crystalize contextualized problems apply various representations such as graphs, tables and equatings. Delaware Standards Math GLE Standard 2 Algebraic Reasoning * Compare the rates of change in tables and graphs and classify them as linear or nonlinear. * Use tables, graphs and symbolic reasoning to identify functions as linear or nonlinear. DIRECT Diversity- there will be different ways to solve the problems so students would be habituated many ways to practice and choose which method reconciles best.Interpersonal Communications- students will follow a method that the teacher in the class uses which is called Think, pair, sell. Students would think about their answer, pair up with their group members to contend what each other got, and and then share their answer with the whole class. Reflection- students would reflect on what is divergence on in the cla ss by exit cards at the end of the lesson. Students will also ingest extra practice by doing a homework assignment. Effect teaching and assessment Strategies- students would be asked questions leading to them figuring out the formula.At the end of the lesson there would be exit cards to assess what the students have learned in todays lesson. Content and Pedagogical Knowledge- this is like a review lesson. Students already have prerequisite knowledge on the uniform material. The only difference with this lesson is that the growth factors for the problems we will be works on today are fractional. Technology- students would use smart responders in the beginning of the lesson to determine if their answers were conciliate or non. We will also be using the smart board to run into the problems needed in order to keep the lessons going. Mathematical Proficiency StrandsUnderstanding mathematics- students will be asked multiple questions based off of the problems they have done in prior lessons and the lessons we are doing today so I could know if the students are understanding the mathematics we are covering the in class. Applying concepts to solve problems- students would be given two solve problems and asked how they came up with their answer with explanations of how they got the answer. Reasoning logically- students would be given a real life situation as a solve problem and the answer they surveil up with have to logically fit the situation given in the story.Engaging- students will be engaging with each other to discuss their thoughts of the solve problems by doing the think, pair, share. Assessment Plan In the previous investigation, we studied exponential growth of plants, mold, and a snake creation. In the growth factor and the starting value, we could make predictions. The growth factors in these examples were whole numbers. In this investigation, we will study examples of exponential growth with fractional growth factors. Students will have an underst anding on how to find the exponential growth of a Rabbit population with fractional growth factors.Examples will be shown that students understand the lesson by using the growth factor table, being able to determine what is the growth factor and when is it bewitch to round it up to if necessary and students will be able to connect the chart and table to a formula for the exponential growth rate. Pre- Assessment Students will be given a chart that looks like the previous charts we have went over. The difference with this chart is that the growth factor is not a whole number. Students will have to find the par based off of the chart. They would put their answer into the smart responder.Once everyones answers are calculated into the smart responder, we will receive a percentage of how many students got the straighten out answer in the class. We will then discuss why that is the correct answer. Additional Assessment 1 Students would be given a problem on the smart board with a table which will represent the exponential growth of rabbits. Ask students the following questions 1. What is the growth factor? justify how you show your answer. 2. Assume this growth pattern carry ond. Write an equation for the rabbit population p for any year n later the rabbits are first counted. Explain what the numbers in your equation represent. 3.How many rabbits will there be after 10 historic period? How many will there be after 25 years? After 50 years? 4. In how many years will the rabbit population outdo one million? Do not give students the answers. Have students come up with the answers on their own, then they could discuss with a classmate, then the whole class would discuss the correct answer and why. While students are working in groups, the teacher would be walking around and looking at students notes to see their understanding. If you see that there is more than one approach to the answer, then call on the different students with the different approaches so there could be variety.Post Assessment The class would sum up what we did in todays lesson by answering the exit cards with a question similar to the one we did in class. Students must answer the question in details. The teacher will explain to the students that the main point of the lesson today is to recognize that the growth factor may not ceaselessly be a whole number. By the end of this lesson, students should be able to solve a problem dealing with exponential growth with the growth factor not being a whole number. OPENING 5 Minutes800-815 Rationale Students will be shown a chart on the smart board and will be asked to find the growth factor and the equation for the table. Since the students are already familiar with exponential growth using whole numbers, I extremity students to see that not all exponential growth would have a whole number as the growth factor. The opening use is a reflection on the same type of formula they have been working on, the only difference is that th e growth factor would not be a whole number.Students would focus on the growth factor and being able to put it into an equation which will support the table. Students will be assessed by using the smart responders. The smart responders will allow the teacher to know the percentage of students who got the correct answer before beginning the lesson. Materials Smart board, smart responder, pencil, and paper exertion Description When the students first walk into the classroom, they will be asked to grab a smart responder. (The smart responder allows the teacher to see the percentage of how many students got the correct answer).Based off of the results on the smart responder I will have a short discussion of what is the growth factor, the y-intercept, and why essential to know those numbers in order to create a formula. The table is as followed X 0 1 2 3 Y 30 57 108 206 severalise Instruction One student from each group will get up to get the smart responders for their group and retu rn them when we are done. Students will be able to do this because there is a student in the classroom with a disability he is in a wheelchair so I do not want him to feel left out in any way.Therefore, each group will have to go through the same procedure. other differentiate instruction we will do is go over the correct answer into details because there are some students in the class who are inclusion. I do not want to move too fast with the class as a whole so I will continue to review the material and monitor ALL students understanding of the lesson before moving on. What is the growth factor in this table? feasible Student Responses Possible teacher put throughs 1. 9 Did everyone get that answer? No. What did you get as the growth factor? At first I got1. then I divided the contiguous two consecutive numbers which is 108/ 57 and I got 1. 894736834, so the growth factor is not the same with each number. Did anyone else get that? Yes Well Im happy you pointed that out. W hat is the difference between this table and the previous tables we have been doing these past few weeks? The growth factor is not the same for every outcome is not the same exact number What is different about the numbers though? They are a decimal and not whole numbers. Ok. Good point. Is 1. 894736 close to 1. 9? Yes When you divide 206 and 108, what is your outcome? 1. 907407 Is that close to 1. 9? Yes So what could you tell me about this growth factor now? That the outcomes are very close to each other but they are not the exact same So imaging if you wanted to round your growth factor to the nearest whole number, put the number 2 into your formula, what are your results? 30*2= 6060*2= 120120*2= 240 Are your results accurate compared to what we need on our table? No. why is that? Because when you keep multiplying by 2 or else of 1. 9 the result grows bigger and bigger and it does not match what we need. What do you suggest we do if we wanted to put these numbers into an equation that will have the closest possible outcome? Round it to 1. 9? Why 1. 9? Because what was the first exact outcome and when we divined the beside consecutive numbers, they are close to 1. 9 Ok great job. So when this happens we will round up to the nearest outcome and in this case it is 1. 9 BODY 1 30 Minutes cartridge holder 815- 845 Rationale The purpose of this occupation is for students to have a visual with a story of rabbits reproducing and is able to form an equation with the table given to them.This activity will build on the students knowledge of exponential growth and at the same time introducing with fractional growth factors. It is important for students to understand that the growth factor will not always be a whole number and what they should do when they face this problem. This activity develops the learning conclusion of students being able to think about fractional growth factor and why should they round it to the nearest decimal place instead of th e whole number. Materials Graphic Calculator, pencil, paper, smart board Activity DescriptionStudents will be sitting in groups of four. During this activity, students will do a think, pair, share for every question asked to them before discussing it with the class as a whole. Think, pair, share is a way for students to actually THINK about their answer and why do they think that will be the correct answer they should also be taking down notes at this point. PAIR is when they talk amongst their partners and share what they came up with and then compare answers. If anyone answer is different, then they will discuss why are their answers different.SHARE is when the whole class has a discussion about all of the possible answers and come to an agreement and understanding of the correct answer. Students will be assessed while doing think, pair, and share. The teacher would be walking around the class taking notes about the students understanding and mentioning anything that stands out or may be confusing about the lesson to the class. This will just be personal notes for the teacher to know the student understands of the lesson. The activity will begin with the did you know which will be shown on the smart board.Did you know? In 1859, a small number of rabbits were introduced to Australia by English settlers. The rabbits had no natural predators in Australia, so they reproduced rapidly and became a serious problem, eating grasses intended for sheep and cattle. In the mid-1990s, there were more than 300 million rabbits in Australia. The violate they caused cost Australian agriculture $600 million per year. There have been many attempts to curb Australias rabbit population. In 1995, a deadly rabbit disorder was deliberately spread, reducing the rabbit population by about half.However, because rabbits are developing immunity to the disease, the effects of this measure may not last. Students will think about the did you know problem and then a table will be shown on the board based off of the problem. If biologists had counted the rabbits in Australia in the years after they were introduced, they might have collected data like these Growth of Rabbit Population Time (yr) Population 0 100 1 one hundred eighty 2 325 3 583 4 1,050 Students would be asked the following questions followed by a mini class discussion for each question. 1. What is the growth factor?Explain how you found your answer. 2. Assume this growth pattern continued. Write an equation for the rabbit population p for any year n after the rabbits are first counted. Explain what the numbers in your equation represent. 3. How many rabbits will there be after 10 years? How many will there be after 25 years? After 50 years? 4. In how many years will the rabbit population exceed one million? tell apart Instruction There are some students in this class who are inclusion which mean that they need extra help with understand the concept of the material.There is an inclusion math teacher in the classroom as well but her attention is strictly for those students. The activity has question and answers so that way everyone in the class could participate in lesson and contribute their understandings. Students will also have to think about the answer on their own at first before working in pairs which will be helpful for the teacher who is walking around to see the students understanding individually. The inclusion students will also receive peer help along with teacher sponsoring. What is the growth factor of rabbits reproducing represented by this table?Possible Student Responses Possible Teacher Follow-ups 1. 8 Why 1. 8? Because divided the first two consecutive numbers which is 180/100= 1. 8 so every year the rabbits times itself to 1. 8 So did you get 1. 8 every time you divide the consecutive numbers? No, when I divided 325 by 180 I got 1. 805555556, when I divided 583 by 325 I got 1. 793846, and when I divided 1,050 by 583, I got 1. 801029. They were all close to 1. 8 so I rounded it up like what we did for the warm up. majuscule job, my only question is why did we round it up by 1. 8 and not 2? Because we are dealing with fractional growth factors even though these are decimals. But what if you didnt know you was dealing with fractional growth factors and you had to solve this problem, why wouldnt you round your growth factor up to the nearest whole number? Because if I rounded my growth factor up to the nearest whole number then the result for the growth amount for populations of rabbits of the next year would not be around the number given. I dont really understand what you mean may you please demonstrate to the class using your calculator? The student would demonstrate to the class using his/ her calculator stratum 1100*2=200not close to 180 Year 2200*2=400not close to 325 Year 3400*2=800not close to 583 Year 4800*2=1600not close to 1050 So why do we round to the nearest appropriate decimal? Possible Student Responses Possible Teache r Follow-ups Because if we were to round it to the nearest whole number, then the growth factor will not be close to the next years population rate. Correct. What is the equation used for this growth factor? 100(1. 8x) Why? Growth factor is 1. 8 and we raise that by time which is x Ok great job. CLOSINGTime 2 proceedings Learning Goal(s) Students will build on their knowledge of exponential growth. Students will think about exponential growth with the fractional growth factors and know when it is appropriate to round the number to the nearest decimal place and why. Students will know how to find the fractional exponential growth using the formula P= a (b)x. Review Based off of what we learned today students will be able to draw connections from the previous lessons with exponential growth factors and now know how to find the exponential growth with the growth factor not being a whole number.Students are to state why they are rounding up the number to the nearest decimal (if need ed). Students will have to answer the Exit Cards before leaving the class. 1. Why isnt the growth factor of exponential growth always a whole number? 2. If you were to round up your decimal or fraction to the nearest whole number and put it into the equation P= a(b)x, what will your outcome be and explain why. Students would be assessed on their understanding of todays lesson and making sure that they meet the learning goals thinking mathematically. Follow-up ActivitiesStudents will be assigned a homework assignment. 1. In parts of the United States, wolves are being reintroduced to wilderness areas where they had become extinct. Suppose 20 wolves are released in northern Michigan, and the yearly growth factor for this population is expected to be 1. 2. a. Make a table showing the projected number of wolves at the end of each of the first 6 years. b. Write an equation that models the growth of the wolf population. c. How long will it take for the new wolf population to exceed 100? 2. a. The table shows that the elk population in a state forest is growing exponentially.What is the growth factor? Explain. Growth of Elk Population Time (year) Population 0 30 1 57 2 108 3 206 4 391 5 743 b. Suppose this growth pattern continues. How many elk will there be after 10 years? How many elk will there be after 15 years? c. Write an equation you could use to predict the elk population p for any year n after the elk were first counted. d. In how many years will the population exceed one million? Homework will be checked during the next class meet. ATTACHMENTS Growing Growing Growing book pages 33-36

Saturday, May 25, 2019

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny? Essay

How come no oneness could take over the government. The nature (document-based question DBQ)was written in 1787 in Philadelphia. A Constitution tells how the government is qualifying to work. How did the writers of the Constitution keep person or a group of people from getting too much effect? A totalism is a power held by I person or group of people. The Constitution guarded against tyranny in several ways which were federalism, separation of power, check and balances, and small and bragging(a) resigns.How Does Federalism Guard Against TyrannyThe rst guard against tyranny was Federalism which means the important and state government examples. Both government has the power to tax and laws or enforce laws. The central government can provide an army, but the state government can establish school. Federalism protects against tyranny because the state and national governments have powers so no one become too powerful. It helps them work together.A second guard against tyranny wa s separation of power which means divided the government in to three branches. In order to not have a tyranny, you must separate the department of power. Each branch is need to make a decision Judicial tycoon is vetted in the supreme court goose to the president. Separation of Power protects tyranny because they could over power the president.The third guard against tyranny was check and balances which means that all(prenominal) branch is able to check up on the other branches. They want to keep the central government branches working together because they need each other. The 3 branches working cycle they all can do things they must all agree. Check and balances protects against tyranny because by having each branch check up on each other no one branch can over power the other.The fourth guard against tyranny was the issue of small and large state which means making everything fair for all states. The large state favor the H, of rep because they have a large population and small state has a favor the senate. The House of Representatives is based on population and each has 2 senators. The issue of small and large state protects against tyrannybecause the congress is far for both large and small states because they need each other to make a decision.In conclusion, federalism, separation of powers, check and balances, and issue of small and large states helped to guard against tyranny in theU.S. government. For example, the government is divided into 3 branches which are fair and equal. It is important to understand, to know that our constitution protect us from somebody taking over states. I think that is important today because in my future Ill be able to achieve my goals.Works CitedBrady, Charles, and Philip Roden. Mini-Qs in American History. Evanston, IL, The DBQ Project, 2009.Selected Works on Tyranny. Constitution Society Home Page, www.constitution.org/tyranny.htm.Seppa, Nathan. Meeting Notes Multivitamins Dont Guard against Heart Attack. Science News, vol. 182, no. 12, 2012, pp. 99.

Friday, May 24, 2019

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 24. Surprise

No. No way I shook my interrogation fiercely and then shot a glance at the smug grimace on my seventeen-year-old husbands face. No, this doesnt count. I stopped aging three days ago. I am eighteen forever.Whatever, Alice said, dismis blither my protest with a quick shrug. Were celebrating anyway, so suck it up.I sighed. there was rarely a point to arguing with Alice.Her grin got impossibly wider as she read the acquiescence in my eyes.Are you busy to open your present? Alice sang.Presents, Edward corrected, and he pulled another key this wholeness desireer and silver with a less gaudy blue bow from his pocket.I struggled to keep from rolling my eyes. I knew immediately what this key was to the after car. I wondered if I should feel excited. It seemed the lamia conversion hadnt given me any sudden interest in sports cars.Mine first, Alice said, and then stuck her tongue out, foreseeing his answer.Mine is closer.But look at how shes dressed Alices haggle were almost a moan. Its been killing me whole day. That is clearly the priority.My eyebrows pulled together as I wondered how a key could get me into new clothes. Had she got ten me a whole trunkful?I know Ill play you for it, Alice suggested. Rock, paper, scissors.Jasper chuckled and Edward sighed.Why you dont you just tell me who wins? Edward said wryly.Alice beamed. I do. Excellent.Its probably better that I wait for morning, anyway. Edward smiled crookedly at me and then nodded towardJacob and Seth, who looked the the give cares of they were crashed for the night I wonder how long theyd stayed up this time. I think it readiness be more fun if Jacob was awake for the big reveal, dont you agree? So that someone there is able to express the right level of enthusiasm?I grinned back. He knew me well.Yay, Alice sang. Bella, give Ness Renesmee to Rosalie.Where does she usu each(prenominal)(prenominal)y sleep?Alice shrugged. In Roses arms. Or Jacobs. Or Esmes. You get the picture. She has neer been set down in her entire life. Shes going to be the most spoiled half-vampire in existence.Edward anticed while Rosalie took Renesmee expertly in her arms. She is also the most unspoiled half-vampire in existence, Rosalie said. The beauty of being one of a kind.Rosalie grinned at me, and I was glad to see that the new comradeship between us was still there in her smile. I hadnt been entirely sure it would last after Renesmees life was no longer tied to mine. But perchance we had fought together on the comparable side long abundant that we would always be friends now. Id fin each(prenominal)y made the same choice she would accommodate if shed been in my shoes. That seemed to mother washed out her resentment for all my other choices.Alice shoved the beribboned key in my hand, then grabbed my elbow and steered me toward the back door. Lets go, allows go, she trilled.Is it outside?Sort of, Alice said, pushing me forward.Enjoy your gift, Rosalie said. Its from all of us. Esme espe cially.Arent you coming, too? I realized that no one had moved.Well give you a chance to appreciate it alone, Rosalie said. You can tell us to the highest degree it later.Emmett guffawed. Something about his laugh made me feel like blushing, though I wasnt sure why.I realized that lots of things about me like truly hating surprises, and not liking gifts in general some(prenominal) more had not changed one bit. It was a relief and revelation to discover how lots of my essential core traits had come with me into this new dead body.I hadnt expected to be myself. I smiled widely.Alice tugged my elbow, and I couldnt stop smiling as I followed her into the purple night. Only Edward came with us.Theres the enthusiasm Im looking for, Alice murmured approvingly. Then she dropped my arm, made deuce lithe bounds, and leaped over the river.Cmon, Bella, she called from the other side.Edward jumped at the same time I did it was both bit as fun as it had been this afternoon. Maybe a bantam b it more fun because the night changed e reallything into new, rich colors.Alice took finish discharge with us on her heels, heading due north. It was easier to follow the unfathomed of her feet whispering against the ground and the modern path of her horn in than it was to keep my eyes on her through the thick vegetation.At no sign I could see, she whirled and dashed back to where I paused.Dont bam me, she warned, and sprang at me.What are you doing? I demanded, squirming as she scrambled onto my back and wrapped her hands around my face. I felt the urge to throw her off, exactly I controlled it.Making sure you cant see.I could take care of that without the theatrics, Edward offered.You might let her cheat. Take her hand and lead her forward.Alice, I Dont bother, Bella. Were doing this my way.I felt Edwards fingers weave through mine. Just a few seconds more, Bella. Then shell go annoy someone else. He pulled me forward. I kept up easily. I wasnt afraid of hitting a tree t he tree would be the only one getting hurt in that scenario.You might be a gnomish more appreciative, Alice chided him. This is as much for you as it is for her.True. Thank you again, Alice.Yeah, yeah. Okay. Alices voice suddenly shot up with excitement. Stop there. Turn her just a diminutive to the right. Yes, like that. Okay. Are you ready? she squeaked.Im ready. There were new scents here, piquing my interest, increasing my curiosity. Scents that didnt get going in the deep woods. Honeysuckle. Smoke. Roses. Sawdust? Something metallic, too. The richness of deep earth, dug up and exposed. I leaned toward the mystery.Alice hopped down from my back, releasing her grip on my eyes.I stared into the violet dark. There, nestled into a small clearing in the forest, was a tiny nether region cottage, lavender gray in the light of the stars.It belonged here so absolutely that it seemed as if it must have grown from the rock, a natural formation. Honeysuckle climbed up one wall like a la ttice, winding all the way up and over the thick wooden shingles. Late summer roses bloomed in a handkerchief-sized garden under the dark, deep-set windows. There was a little path of flat stones, amethyst in the night, that led up to the quaint arched wooden door.I curled my hand around the key I held, shocked.What do you think? Alices voice was soft now it fit with the blameless quiet of the storybook scene.I clear my mouth save said nothing.Esme thought we might like a place of our own for a while, but she didnt want us too far away, Edward murmured. And she retires any excuse to renovate. This little place has been crumbling away out here for at least a hundred years.I continued staring, mouth gaping like a fish.Dont you like it? Alices face fell. I mean, Im sure we could fix it up differently, if you want. Emmett was all for adding a few thousand square feet, a second story, columns, and a tower, but Esme thought you would like it take upthe way it was meant to look. Her v oice started to climb, to go faster. If she was wrong, we can get back to work. It wont take long to Shh I managed.She touch her lips together and waited. It took me a few seconds to recover.Youre giving me a house for my birthday? I speak.Us, Edward corrected. And its no more than a cottage. I think the word house implies more legroom.No knocking my house, I whispered to him.Alice beamed. You like it.I shook my head.Love it?I nodded.I cant wait totell EsmeWhy didnt she come?Alices smile faded a little, twisted just off what it hadbeen, like my question was hard to answer. Oh, you know they all remember how you are about presents. They didnt want to put you under too much pressure to like it.But of course I love it. How could I not?Theyll like that. She patted my arm. Anyhoo, your closet is stocked.Use it wisely. And I guess thats ein truththing.Arent you going to come inside?She strolled casually a few feet back. Edward knows his way around. Ill stop by later. Call me if you can t match your clothes right. She threw me a doubtful look and then smiled. Jazz wants to hunt. See you.She shot off into the trees like the most graceful bullet.That was weird, I said when the sound of her flight had vanished completely. Am I really that bad? They didnt have to stay away. Now I feel guilty. I didnt even thank her right. We should go back,tell Esme Bella,dont besilly. No one thinks youre that unreasonable.Then what Alone time is their other gift. Alice was difficult to be subtle about it.Oh.That was all it took to make the house disappear. We could have been anywhere. I didnt see the trees or the stones or the stars. It was just Edward.Let me show you what theyve done, he said, pulling my hand. Was he unretentive to the fact that an electric current was pulsing through my body like adrenaline-spiked blood?Once again I felt oddly off balance, delay for reactions my body wasnt capable of anymore. My heart should have been thundering like a steam engine about to hit us. Deafening. My cheeks should have been brilliant red.For that matter, I ought to have been exhausted. This had been the longest day of my life.I laughed out loud just one quiet little laugh of shock when I realized that this day would never end.Do I get to hear the joke?Its not a actually good one, I told him as he led the way to the little rounded door. I was just thinking today is the first and last day of forever. Its kind of hard to wrap my head around it. Even with all this extra room for wrapping. I laughed again.He chuckled with me. He held his hand out toward the doorknob, waiting for me to do the honors. I stuck the key in the lock and turned it.Youre much(prenominal) a natural at this, Bella I forget how very strange this all must be for you. I wish I could hear it. He ducked down and yanked me up into his arms so fast that I didnt see it coming and that was really something.HeyThresholds are part of my job description, he reminded me. But Im curious. fork me w hat youre thinking about right now.He opened the door it fell back with a barely audible creak and stepped through into the little stone living room.Everything, I told him. All at the same time, you know. Good things and things to worry about and things that are new. How I keep using too many superlatives in my head. Right now, Im thinking that Esme is an artist. Its so perfectThe cottage room was something from a fairy tale. The deck was a crazy quilt of smooth, flat stones. The low ceiling had long exposed beams that someone as tall as Jacob would surely knock his head on. The walls were warm wood in some places, stone mosaics in others. The beehive fireplace in the corner held the remains of a slow flickering fire. It was driftwood burning there the low flames were blue and green from the salt.It was furnished in eclectic pieces, not one of them matching another, but harmonious just the same. One chair seemed vaguely medieval, while a low ottoman by the fire was more contemp orary and the stocked bookshelf against the far window reminded me of movies set in Italy. Somehow each piece fit together with the others like a big three-dimensional puzzle. There were a few paintings on the walls that I recognized some of my very favorites from the big house. Priceless originals, no doubt, but they seemed to belong here, too, like all the rest.It was a place where anyone could conceptualize magic existed. A place where you just expected Snow White to walk right in with her apple in hand, or a unicorn to stop and nibble at the rosebushes.Edward had always thought that he belonged to the being of horror stories. Of course, Id known he was deadened wrong. It was obvious that he belonged here. In a fairy tale.And now I was in the story with him.I was about to take advantage of the fact that he hadnt gotten around to setting me back on my feet and that his wits-scramblingly beautiful face was only inches away when he said, Were lucky Esme thought to add an extra r oom. No one was planning for Ness Renesmee.I frowned at him, my thoughts channeled down a less pleasant path.Not you, too, I complained.Sorry, love. I hear it in their thoughts all the time, you know. Its abrasion off on me.I sighed. My baby, the sea serpent. Maybe there was no help for it. Well, /wasnt giving in.Tm sure youre dying to see the closet. Or, at least Ill tell Alice that you were, to make her feel good.Should I be afraid?Terrified.He carried me down a narrow stone hallway with tiny arches in the ceiling, like it was our own miniature castle.That will be Renesmees room, he said, nodding to an empty room with a pale wooden floor. They didnt have time to do much with it, what with the angry werewolves___I laughed quietly, amazed at how quickly everything had turned right when it had all had looked so nightmarish just a week ago.Drat Jacob for making everything perfect this way.Heres our room. Esme tried to bring some of her island back here for us. She guessed that we wo uld get attached.The bed was huge and discolor, with clouds of gossamer floating down from the canopy to the floor. The pale wood floor matched the other room, and now I grasped that it was precisely the color of a pristine beach. The walls were that almost-white-blue of a brilliant sunny day, and the back wall had big glass doors that opened into a little hidden garden. Climbing roses and a small round pond, smooth as a mirror and edged with shiny stones. A tiny, still ocean for us.Oh was all I could say.I know, he whispered.We stood there for a minute, remembering. Though the memories were human and clouded, they took over my mind completely.He smiled a wide, gleaming smile and then laughed. The closet is through those double doors. I should warn you its bigger than this room.I didnt even glance at the doors. There was nothing else in the world but him again his arms curled under me, his sweet breath on my face, his lips just inches from mine and there was nothing that could distract me now, newborn vampire or not.Were going to tell Alice that I ran right to the clothes, I whispered, twisting my fingers into his hair and pulling my face closer to his. Were going to tell her I fagged hours in there playing dress-up. Were going to lieHe caught up to my mood in an instant, or maybe hed already been there, and he was just trying to let me fully appreciate my birthday present, like a gentleman. He pulled my face to his with a sudden fierceness, a low moan in his throat. The sound sent the electric current running through my body into a near-frenzy, like I couldnt get close enough to him fast enough.I perceive the fabric tearing under our hands, and I was glad my clothes, at least, were already destroyed. It was too late for his. It felt almost rude to ignore the pretty white bed, but we just werent going to make it that far.This second honeymoon wasnt like our first.Our time on the island had been the epitome of my human life. The very best of it. Id been so ready to string along my human time, just to hold on to what I had with him for a little while longer. Because the physical part wasnt going to be the same ever again.I should have guessed, after a day like today, that it would be better.I could really appreciate him now could properly see every beautiful line of his perfect face, of his long, flawless body with my strong new eyes, every angle and every plane of him. I could taste his pure, vivid scent on my tongue and feel the unbelievable silkiness of his marble skin under my sensitive fingertips.My skin was so sensitive under his hands, too.He was all new, a different person as our bodies tangled gracefully into one on the sand-pale floor. No caution, no restraint. No fear especially not that. We could love together both active participants now. Finally equals.Like our kisses before, every touch was more than I was used to. So much of himself hed been holding back. Necessary at the time, but I couldnt believe how much Id be en missing.I tried to keep in mind that I was stronger than he was, but it was hard to focus on anything with sensations so intense, pulling my attention to a million different places in my body every second if I hurt him, he didnt complain.A very, very small part of my head considered the interesting conundrum presented in this situation. I was never going to get tired, and neither was he. We didnt have to catch our breath or rest or eat or even use the bathroom we had no more mundane human needs. He had the most beautiful, perfect body in the world and I had him all to myself, and it didnt feel like I was ever going to find a point where I would think, Now Ive had enough for one day. I was always going to want more. And the day was never going to end. So, in such a situation, how did we ever stop?It didnt bother me at all that I had no answer.I sort of noticed when the sky began to lighten. The tiny ocean outside turned from black to gray, and a lark started to sing somewhere very close by maybe she had a nest in the roses.Do you miss it? I asked him when her song was done.It wasnt the first time wed spoken, but we werent exactly keeping up a conversation, either.Miss what? he murmured.All of it the warmth, the soft skin, the tasty smell Im not losing anything at all, and I just wondered if it was a little bit sad for you that you were.He laughed, low and gentle. It would be hard to find someone less sad than I am now. Impossible, Id venture. Not many people get every single thing they want, plus all the things they didnt think to ask for, in the same day.Are you avoiding the question?He pressed his hand against my face. You are warm, he told me.It was true, in a sense. To me, his hand was warm. It wasnt the same as touching Jacobs flame-hot skin, but it was more comfortable. More natural.Then he pulled his fingers very slowly down my face, lightly tracing from my jaw to my throat and then all the way down to my waist. My eyes rolled back into my head a li ttle.You are soft.His fingers were like satin against my skin, so I could see what he meant.And as for the scent, well, I couldnt say I missed that. Do you remember the scent of those hikers on our hunt?Ive been trying very hard not to.Imagine kissing that.My throat ripped into flames like pulling the cord on a hot-air balloon.0/7.Precisely. So the answer is no. I am purely full of joy, because I am missing nothing. No one has more than I do now.I was about to inform him of the one exception to his statement, but my lips were suddenly very busy.When the little pool turned pearl-colored with the sunrise, I thought of another question for him.How long does this go on? I mean, Carlisle and Esme, Em and Rose, Alice and Jasper they dont spend all day locked in their rooms. Theyre out in public, fully clothed, all the time. Does this craving ever let up? I twisted myself closer into him quite an accomplishment, actually to make it clear what I was talking about.Thats difficult to say. Everyone is different and, well, so far youre the very most different of all. The average young vampire is too obsessed with thirst to notice much else for a while. That doesnt seem to apply to you. With the average vampire, though, after that first year, other needs make themselves known. Neither thirst nor any other desire really ever fades. Its simply a matter of knowledge to balance them, learning to prioritize and manage___How long?He smiled, wrinkling his nose a little. Rosalie and Emmett were the worst. It took a solid decade before I could stand to be inwardly a five-mile radius of them. Even Carlisle and Esme had a difficult time stomaching it. They kicked the happy couple out eventually. Esme built them a house, too. It was grander than this one, but then, Esme knows what Rose likes, and she knows what you like.So, after ten years, then? I was pretty sure that Rosalie and Emmett had nothing on us, but it might sound cocky if I went higher than a decade. Everybody is norm al again? Like they are now?Edward smiled again. Well, Im not sure what you mean by normal. Youve seen my family going about life in a fairly human way, but youve been sleeping nights. He winked at me. Theres a tremendous amount of time left over when you dont have to sleep. It makes balancing your interests quite easy. Theres a reason why Im the best musician in the family, why besides Carlisle Ive read the most books, studied the most sciences, become fluentin the most languages. Emmett would have you believe that Im such a know-it-all because of the mind reading, but the truth is that Ive just had a lot of free time.We laughed together, and the motion of our laughter did interesting things to the way our bodies were connected, in effect ending that conversation.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Western Farmers Dbq

From 1880-1906, western husbandmans were affected by multiple issues that they saw as threats to their way of life. The master(prenominal) threats to the farmers were railroads, trusts, and the establishment, because these institutions all had the mogul to drastically affect the ability of the farmers to make profits. Therefore, the farmers were not wrong to feel frustration toward those institutions when the institutions caused the farmers to live lives of increasingly extreme poverty.The main antecedent of agrarian discontent with the railroads was a result of the rising railroad rates that made it increasingly serious for the farmers to make a decent living by shipping their crops via freight trains. In a book called The Octopus, a farmer named Dyke planned to ship his hops and was shocked upon discovering that the railroad rate had change magnitude from two cents per pound to five cents per pound, rendering him unable to make any profit at all (Document H).This practice of raising the railroad rates without precedent was unfair to the farmers and made it virtually impossible for any farmer to make a profit by shipping his crops. The farmers were also largely affected by the activity of trusts and banks and the reserve that trusts exerted on their particular lines of business. In a book by James B. Weaver the argument is made that trusts were in complete control of the situation, having power over both the producer of raw materials and the consumer of the products (Document F).In most cases, the farmers fell under both categories, and the trusts often took full emolument, buying raw goods from farmers at very low prices that made it very difficult for farmers to profit and selling back the completed goods at high prices the farmers could barely afford if at all. The Eastern banking conglomerates were especially powerful cod to their ability to call in debts and repossess homes of the farmers. The picture in The Farmers Voice, a Chicago newspaper from the latish 1880s, depicts the power an eastern banker held over the poor western farmers who are unable to pay their bills.The trusts did have an extremely high degree of control with little to no opposition, so the farmers were right to disapprove of trusts and call for legislation to disband them. The governments actions concerning the inflation of the American dollar were extremely detrimental to the ability of the average farmer to make a living. In president William McKinleys acceptance speech in 1896 (Document B), McKinley argues that free silver would decrease the value of money, and no one suffers so much from cheap money as the farmers and laborers. The decrease in the value of money caused by inflation would make the farmers crops almost worthless. The farmers complaints regarding the government were valid due to the failure of the government to stop inflation, which is shown in the table comparing the population to the money in circulation (Document C). The amount o f money in circulation increased constantly from 1880 to 1895. It could be argued from the railroads point of view that if the prices werent increased to keep up with inflation, the railroads would be unable to make profit.In a testimony before the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker, vice-president of the Cairo Short epithelial duct Railroad, testified that if the railroads kept their prices at constant levels, they would go bankrupt (Document G). However, the main problem with the railroads the farmers had was not necessarily the rising prices, but the fact that the prices rose without warning. It was extremely difficult to plan shipments and end up making profits. J. Lawrence Laughlin wrote that the farmers are wrong to blame the decrease in prices of wheat berry on the scarcity of gold (Document E).Laughlin claimed that such a decrease was simply a result of global overproduction of wheat. While he made a valid point, it did not change the fact that wheat prices were sti ll extremely low and the government could still have been at fault. The farmers still had reason to be angry at the government due to the governments failure to protect the farmers from such a global overproduction by implementing a tariff on foreign wheat and its failure to set railroads and trusts, leaving them free to excavate the pockets of the farmers as deeply as they pleased.It was certainly not easy being a western farmer in the late 19th century to the early 20th century. The farmers were complete slaves to the more powerful industries, especially the railroads. The farmers had valid reasons to be discontent with the circumstances. The railroads and other trusts had complete control of the markets and disdain systems, while farmers faced constantly rising shipment prices and constantly decreasing crop prices and sales. The government simply stood idly by and watched the farmers be manipulated and taken advantage of by the titans of industry, forcing the farmers into incre asingly severe poverty.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Time Conflict Between Work and Family

The relationship between the individual and feed and family has changed dramatically over the years. Jobs and families both carry enormous commitments of time and energy, especially during peak years of family formation and c arer growth. Today, billets usually consume a third of a persons day. Americans be sick much hours in at scarper to support their families, creating more than(prenominal) filter at home, which results in a bunk/family believeerpoint, pushing parents into actually seeking more time spent at build to escape these pressures and tensions in the home.Juggling clip and family purport, particularly undesirable domestic chores, clawcare and the increasing uncertainties and pressures of home life, are a few reasons for this battle for time spent between work and family. More effort and time is alike put into work to achieve great self-sufficiency and job sitisfaction in the workplace. This upward mobility work ethic is the heart of the American Dream. This work/ family conflict and the claim for job happiness/autonomy in America is consequently fueled by this fast and furious pace of attaining the American Dream.These are some of the issues that are clearly pull backed in the books Rivethead by Ben stymie and The Time support by Arlie Russell Hochschild. Less time spent at home and more time spent at work creates a bestial cycle that is eating away at our home lives. These tendencies have become trends of an entire generation that may be placing more rank on work-related doings than on the necessary nurturing experiences of family life.The issues of family/work conflict and autonomy/job blessedness are important issues in the sociology of work today because of the continuous kindly and economic changes that occur in our society and effect the welfare of American workers and their families. The Time Bind When Work Becomes Home & Home becomes Work by Arile Russell Hochschild investigates the work/family conflict. Hochsch ild spent three summers doing field research at a guild identified sole(prenominal) as a Fortune 500 firm that Hochschild renames Amerco, which had also been credited on several different surveys as being one of Americas 10 most family-friendly corporations.Hochschild research consists of interviewing all employees in the company from the top executives to grind workers by observed working parents and their children throughout their hectic days. She followed six families through a whole day and much of a night, and sat on the edge of Amercos parking lot to see when people started work and when they left. This study raises disturbing questions about the impact of time on contemporary lives. The excessive demands of work create stresses at home because there is insufficient time to do everything.This is especially hard on women who bear the brunt of housekeeping chores, and on children, whose emotional needs require time with parents. Except for some older men, the people Hochschil d interviews are aware of and concerned about the implications of this time bind. What is surprising, consequently, is their misfortune to take on reduced workloads, flex time, and other components of the companys effort to help employees balance the demands of work and home. While supporting the existence of these policies, only a few employees take advantage of them.Fears about job security and course advancements are present, of course, but many employees were uninterested in such options because they sensed work, not home, as the slight stressful and more emotionally fulfilling environment. With the employees familys on the brink of disaster and parents feeling perpetually out of control of their childrens lives and their own, the office or factory floor ends up providing a sense of accomplishment, fulfillment, camaraderie and overall job cheer to these workers.Unfortunately, after uncovering this surprising reversion of standard expectations, Hochschild buries it by simpl y assuming it is a passion. By escaping from the home by going to work reflects a dynamic with costs, but it also suggests a need to reconsider common conceptions of what constitutes a satisfying life. Hochschilds solution is a time movement, and organized grassroots movement that would join feminists with travail activists, professionals with the factory workers, men with women.Hochschild proposes that the coalition begin by pushing companies to judge on merit rather then time spent at work, to move to a 35-hour work week and to give workers across the board greater job security would begin to create a better family and work balance for its employees. Rivethead, by Ben Hamper, is Hampers description of his career as a General Motors factory worker in Flint, Michigan. A fourth generation shoprat, Hamper explains how an happy-go-lucky father, numerous siblings, and his own tendency for laziness, drugs, and drinking pointed directly to a future in the factory, despite his inclinatio ns toward poetry and music.This book is a glimpse into the life on the General Motors car and truck assembly line, showing the lived experiences of people that have now become transparent voices in mainstream American society. In 1977 he reluctantly began working in the cab shop at GM. Ranging from his experience to his retirement ten years later, Hamper writes of the monotonous blue-collar work of factory labor in a very dark humor manner. Hamper describes his factory job as very monotonous, filled with repeated layoffs and call-backs.Hamper and co-workers participate in extensive daily on-the-job alcohol and drug consumption in attempts to pass the time of their mind-numbing, repetitive nature of work. Hamper is perceptively critical of American business management, practice, and values throughout the book, and nearsightedly finds little worth or integrity in his fellow workers as in himself. The lack of desire to climb the career ladder, regular(a) conclusion ways to avoid work altogether, is quite prevalent throughout the book as he seeks to please no one, not even himself, even though he succeeds beyond even his expectations.The major issues in Rivethead that are to blame for this type of worker behavior is the lack of job satisfaction along with work/family conflicts. Besides Hampers quest to go bowling with GM chairman Roger Smith, Hamper is constantly displaying a need for an easier and more rewarding job. Other issues not related to actual job duties affect worker job satisfaction as well, such as the desire to more comfortably combine work and life. The work/family conflict is seen through the time constraints that limit him and other factory workers from spending time with family.These time constraints create added stress at home on top of the existing problems that cause for a dysfunctional family. These stresses push parents/spouses into escaping these home ridden tensions by working longer hours in the factory. The less time spent at home and m ore time spent at work creates a vicious cycle that is eating away at all American families. The two major issues of work that I am going to analyze from a sociological standpoint are the work/family conflict and autonomy/job satisfaction.In The Time Bind and Rivethead, the issue of job satisfaction is seen through Hochschilds and Hampers depiction of the priority levels of the employees jobs and their families as seen in their lives. In The Time Bind, Hochschilds sample was small and all her subjects worked for the same company, she found that both mothers and fathers were choosing work over home. The couples she observed regularly chose not to take advantage of the companys policies regarding family or personal time, and they had come to find the workplace more comforting than the tensions of home and family.There is a appalling lack of support for families in the workplace in general, and work is perceived as more pleasant than home because at least at work parents are supported and know when they are doing the right thing or the wrong thing as opposed to home. Even though the job satisfaction factor varies between levels of responsibility, the accomplishments felt in the workplace versus the home is quite large. In Rivethead, the issue of job satisfaction as depicted by Hamper is seen through the effects if shiftwork on the factory workers families and social lives.Plagued by constant exhaustion and obsessed with not getting enough sleep, factory workers suffer from elevated levels of irritability, mood swings, and stress. All of these create complications in family relationships. Factory workers often work long hours and either conform to their familys habit, or follow a routine of their own, otherwise they are forced to live to some extent, independent of their families as in Rivethead.The working conditions in factories play a large utilisation in the lack of job satisfaction, hen someone works hard all day in a smoky chamber full of sludge, noise, armpits, beer breath, cigar butts, psychos, manic depressives, land pits, banana stickers, venom and gigantic stalking kitty cats. , (Hamper116). These work conditions are quite disturbing and inhumane to the welfare of the worker. The constant need for job satisfaction and feelings of accomplishment and autonomy is quite evident throughout the book. There were so many of us shoprats that we were all just part of some faceless heard. , (Hamper40).Because job satisfaction differs between levels of work and responsibility, other contributing factors, such as work and family conflict, can affect job satisfaction. Hocschilds and Hampers books depict the work/family conflict as though the family is gradually being shoved out of the mainstream of American social life. Hocschild points out that the battle for time is definitely present. She raises questions like how we should be judged, either based on the hours of work we put in or our accomplishments while at work, The time a worker wo rks in and of itself, has to count as much as the results accomplished within that time.Time is a symbol of commitment. whether time mattered more than results was a key point of contention. that it became buried in the companys rhetoric. (Hocschild 69). The ultimate effects of long work hours on our lives have long term consequences on home life that become difficult to justify to our families. As in Rivethead, work seemed to function as a backup system to a destabilizing family, My marriage to Joanie was quickly origination to crumble.Between my nightly beer-bombing over at Glens and our continual teetering on the brink of poverty. here was only one antidote to our marital woes finding me gainful employment. she was the breadwinner and I was the louse. The parallel between my behavior and my old mans was something that didnt escape me. , (Hamper26-28). In the past decade, socio-economic conditions have contributed to the need for dual incomes for families. Dual incomes call for both parents to work, hence, no one is home with the children. In the past, it was the norm for women to stay home having a more expressive contribution in the family taking care of children and providing emotional support for the family.Presently, women tend to feel that their traditional roles as child bearers and homemakers must be supplemented with a sense of achievement outside the home. This need for achievement through job satisfaction for men and women can have positive and proscribe effects on children. A child who observes the competent coping abilities of a working parent learns how to cope with lifes problems. The parent is then perceived as a positive role model. It can render a child to be more emotionally mature and competent in dealing with responsibility as needed for schoolwork and extra curricular activities.The negative connotations hard working parents and their children experience are much more drastic on the worker and the family. The aspects of parenting that are affected when face up with longer work hours are quality, quantity and content of time spent at home. The pressures and stresses may be created by ourselves in our home-life and only reinforced by the workplace. Different economic, social, and political surroundings foster our stress that set the stage for an overall reduced quality of life as seen in The Time Bind and Rivethead.Because society has changed, the familys function within society has changed as well. Work/family conflict and the need for job satisfaction/autonomy have required enate and family roles to become modified to meet these changes. Jobs and families both demand enormous commitments of time and energy on the worker, especially during peak years of family formation and career growth. These moot issues are clearly depicted in the books Rivethead by Ben Hamper and The Time Bind by Arlie Russell Hochschild.Less time spent at home which creates work/family conflict and more time spent at work in an attemp t to develop more job satisfaction/autonomy creates a vicious cycle that is depleting family values and home lives. Sadly these trends are becoming more popular of an entire generation trying to compete in a ball-shaped market where higher value is placed on work achievements, struggle for upward mobility and job satisfaction rather than on the satisfaction of family life and concerns. This work ethic has always been the heart of the American Dream, to work hard, move upward in your job, and be financially sound.Yet, the positive motives for success in our jobs is to blame for the negative consequences of the difficult task of creating an equal balance between work and very important satisfactions of family life. The demands and effects that society place on every American worker to keep up with the rate at which our society is competing in a fast paced global economy raises the question as to where our priorities lie, in the family or in the work? Work may not always be there for the employee, but then again, home may not either. (Hochschild201).

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Gms Ch1

CH 1 Introducing perplexity Talent Intellectual capital is the collective brainpower or shargond k right awayledge of a sourforce that arsehole be used to create mensurate. (Competency x Commitment) A knowledge worker is some cardinal whose mind is a censorious asset to employers. Diversity Workforce diversity describes the composition of a workforce in terms of differences among people according to gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and capabilities. Prejudice is the display of negative, incoherent attitudes toward members of diverse populations.Discrimination agilely denies minority members the full benefits of governing bodyal membership (ex glass ceiling effect). Globalization the worldwide interdependence of resource flows, overlap markets, and ph angiotensin-converting enzyme line contestation Technology- technology is an significant part of everyday business and helped with globalization communication. It has also added flexibility to w orkplaces through things like, telecommuting. Ethics set of moral standards of what is good and right in ones behaviour.Careers readinesss should be portable and always of value. Portfolio workers are people who always have the skills needed to readily shift jobs and even careers. Some fine skills include mastering, networking, entrepreneurship, tech-savvy, marketing and passion for re bare-assedal Organizations in the new workplace What is an organization? Organizations are collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose. All organizations share a purpose of providing goods or ser frailnesss of value to nodes and clients.Organizations as systems organizations are open systems (they transform resource comments from the environment into product outputs) that interact with their environments in the continual turn of obtaining resource inputs and then transforming them into outputs in the form of finished goods and services for their customers. organisational consummation When operations add value to the original cost of resource inputs, then 1) a business organization can earn a profit or 2) a non-profit organization can add wealth to society.A way to tell is through productivity which measures the quantity and quality of outputs relative to the cost of inputs. cognitive operation metier is an output measure of designate or goal accomplishment. Performance efficiency is an input measure of the resource costs associated with goal accomplishments. Productivity = effective and efficient performance. Changing nature of organizations Organizational trends and transitions Renewed belief in pitying capital demands of the new economy place premiums on high-involvement and participatory work settings that rally the knowledge, experience, and commitment of all members.Demise of command-and-control conventional hierarchical structures with do as I say bosses are proving too slow, and costly to do well in todays competitive environment. acce nt mark on teamwork driven teamwork which pools talents for creative problem declaration. Pre-eminence of technology new opportunities appear with each development in computer and information technology they continually tilt the way organizations operate and how people work.Embrace of networking organizations are networked for intense, real-time communication and coordination, internally among parts and external with partners, contractors, suppliers and customers New workforce expectations a new generation of workers brings to the workplace less tolerance for hierarchy, more informality, and more attention to performance merit than to status and seniority. Concern for work- lifetime balance As society increases in complexity, workers are forcing organizations to pay back more attention to balance in the often-conflicting demands of work and personal affairs.Focus on speed everything moves fast, so those who get products to market first have an reinforcement, work is now expected to be done both well and in a timely manner. Organizational Environment Dynamic forces and the general environment General environment of organizations consists of all external conditions (economic, legal-political, technological, socio-cultural and natural environmental conditions) that set the context for managerial decision-making. Economic conditions some of these influence customer spending, resource supplies and investment capital that is crucial for managers to recognize.Legal-Political conditions monitor changes to understand the trends that can affect the regulation and oversight of businesses. Internet censorship is the deliberate blockage and denial of public access to information post on the Internet. Technological conditions technology is only evolving, so you must be up-date with it. Socio-cultural conditions these conditions take meaning as norms, customers and social values on matters like ethics, human rights, gender roles and lifestyles. All such changes have cons equences for how organizations are managed.Natural environment conditions going green is one of the impacts/changes we have seen in the past few years. Public fright to such matters changes the way organizations will run. Sustainable business is when firms operate in ways that both meet the needs of customers and protect or advance the upbeat of our natural environment. Sustainable innovation creates new products and production methods that have reduced environmental impact. Stakeholders and the specific environment Specific environment (task environment) includes the people and groups with whom an organization interacts and conducts business with.Members of the specific environment are often described as stakeholders, who are the persons, groups and institutions civilisely affect by an organization. Value creation is the creation of value for and refreshing needs of stakeholders. Competitive Advantage refers to something that an organization does extremely well, a core competen cy that clearly sets it apart from competitors and gives it an advantage over them in the marketplace. Competitive advantage is uniteed with strategical positioning which occurs when an organization does different things or the same things in different ways from its major competitors.Competitive advantage can be achieved in the follow ways Achieved through costs- finding ways to operate with lower costs and earn profits Through quality- create products/services that are demonstrably and consistently higher quality for customers Through delivery- finding ways to outperform competitors by delivering products and services to customers factored and consistently on time, and to continue to develop timely new products Through flexibility finding ways to adjust and tailor products and services to fit customer needs in ways that are difficult for ones competitors to matchEnvironmental Uncertainty means that there is a lack of complete information regarding what exists and what developme nts may occur about the environment. There are two dimensions of environmental uncertainty 1) Degree of complexity or the number of different factors in the environment an environment is either classified as relatively simple or complex. 2) Rate of change in and among these factors environment classified as stable or dynamic. High uncertainty environments require firms to have flexibility and adapt capacity.Organizational effectiveness is sustainable high performance in using resources to accomplish a complaint and objectives. Organizational effectiveness in different viewpoints Systems resource climb up looks at the input gradient and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of success in acquiring needed resources from the organizations environment Internal process approach looks at the transformation process and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of how efficiently resources are utilized to product goods and services.Goal approach looks at the output side and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of how to measure achievement of key operating objectives. Strategic constituencies approach looks at the external environment and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of the organizations impact on key stakeholders and their interests. Managers in the new workplace What is a manager? A manager is a person who supports, activates, and is responsible for the work of others. Levels of Managers Top managers guide the performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its major parts (CEO, presidents, and vice presidents).They also create and communicate long-term vision, and ensure that strategies and objectives are consistent with the organizations purpose and mission. Middle managers report to authorize managers and oversee the heavy(a) departments or divisions. Team leaders report to middle managers and supervise non-managerial workers. Top managers guide the performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its ma jor parts (CEO, presidents, and vice presidents). They also create and communicate long-term vision, and ensure that strategies and objectives are consistent with the organizations purpose and mission.Middle managers report to top managers and oversee the large departments or divisions. Team leaders report to middle managers and supervise non-managerial workers. Type of Managers Line managers are responsible for work that makes a direct contribution to the organizations outputs ex retail manager. Staff managers use special technical expertise to advise and support the efforts of line workers. Functional managers are responsible for one area such as finance, marketing, production, personnel, accounting, or sales.General Managers are responsible for complex, multifunctional units. Managers are sometimes called administrators in public or non-profit organizations. Managerial Performance Accountability is the requirement to show performance results to a supervisor. Effective managers he lp others achieve high performance and satisfaction at work. Quality of work life is the overall quality of human experiences in the workplace. Changing nature of managerial work Upside-down pyramid is a concept operating workers are at the top, serving customers, while managers are at the bottom support them.Customers and Clients ultimate beneficiaries of the organizations efforts Serve Operating workers Do work directly effecting customer/client satisfaction Support Team leaders and managers- Help operating workers do their jobs and solve problems Support Top managers Keep organizations mission and strategies clear The Management Process Functions of Management management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the use of resources to accomplish performance goals. These steps dont have to be accomplished in a linear fashion.Planning the process of setting objectives and determining what should be done to accomplish them. Managers identify desired result s and ways to achieve them. Organizing the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and coordinating work activities. Managers can turn plans into actions by defining jobs, assigning personnel, and supporting them with technology and other resources. Leading the process of arousing peoples enthusiasm and inspiring efforts to achieve goals (plans and objectives).Managers can build commitments to a common vision, encourage activities that support goals, and influence others to do their best work on the organizations behalf. Controlling the process of measuring work performance, comparing results with objectives, and taking action to ensure desired results and corrective action if it is needed. Managers can maintain active contact with people in the course of their work, gather and interpret reports on performance, and use this information to make constructive changes.Managerial Roles and Activities Managerial Roles The roles fall into three categories informational, social a nd decisional roles. Informational roles involve the giving, receiving, and analyzing of information. Fulfilling these roles involve monitoring, the scanning for information disseminator someone who shares the information, and a spokesperson- acting as official communicator. Interpersonal roles involve interactions with people inside and outside(a) the work unit. A manager fulfilling these roles will be a figurehead- the odelling and setting forth key principles and policies a leader- providing direction and instilling enthusiasm and a link coordinating with others. Decisional roles involve using information to make decisions to solve problems or address opportunities. A manager fulfilling these roles will be a disturbance handler- relations with problems and conflicts a resource allocator- handling budgets and distributing resources a negotiator- making deals and forging agreements and an entrepreneur- developing new initiatives.Managerial Activities they are always busy with man y things like meetings, problem solving etc. They work long hours, intense work pace, work at fragmented and varied tasks, work with many communication media and accomplish their work generally through interpersonal relationships. Managerial Agendas and Networks Agenda setting develops action priorities for accomplishing goals and plans. Networking is the process of creating positive relationships with people who can help advance agendas. Networking creates social capital which is a capacity to get things done with support and help of others.Essential Managerial Skills Learning is a change in behaviour that results from experience. Learning in management is focused on developing skills and competencies to deal with the complexities of human behaviour and problem solving in organizations. Lifelong learning is continuous learning from daily experiences. A skill is the ability to translate knowledge into action that results in desired performance. Categories of skills of managers Tec hnical skills the ability to use a special skills or expertise to perform special(a) tasks.Human and Interpersonal skills the ability to work well in cooperation with other people. Emotional intelligence is the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively. Conceptual and Analytical skills the ability to think critically and analytically to diagnose and solve complex problems. Developing Managerial Competencies High concept is the ability to see the big picture, identify patterns and combine ideas. High tip is the ability to understand and enjoy others in the pursuit of a purpose. Managerial competency is a skill-based capability for high performance in a management job.Here are some high-concept and high-touch competencies Communication ability to share ideas and findings clearly in written and oral expressionincludes writing, oral presentation, giving/receiving feedback, technology utilization. Teamwork ability to work effectively as a team member and team leader includes team contribution, team leadership, conflict management, negotiation, consensus building. Self-management ability to evaluate oneself, modify behaviour, and meet performance obligationsincludes ethical reasoning and behaviour, personal flexibility, tolerance for ambiguity, performance responsibility.Leadership ability to influence and support others to perform complex and vague tasksincludes diversity awareness, global understanding, project management, strategic action. Critical thinking ability to gather and analyze information for creative problem solvingincludes problem solving, judgement and decision-making, information gathering and interpretation, creativity/innovation. Professionalism ability to sustain a positive impression, instill confidence, and maintain career advancementincludes personal presence, personal initiative, and career management.