The Implications of Global Competitiveness on U.S. Unionization Essay

Power And Propoganda In Communist China Essays - Chinese Communists

Force and Propoganda in Communist China Propagand in China during the Cultural Revolution took on numerous structures; there were mass Red Guard exhibitions in Tianamen Square in backing of Mao Zedong, pictures of Mao were set up in each possible area from eateries to the backdrop in nurseries, also, flyers and books of Mao's lessons were appropriated to each Chinese resident. One of these purposeful publicity distributions Quotations from Director Mao which later got known as the Little Red Book contained cites from Mao Zedong and was circulated to each Chinese resident. The historical backdrop of the Red Book gives perhaps the most ideal manners by which to break down Chinese purposeful publicity during the Cultural Revolution and see the manners by which the Chinese government had the option to create and successfully teach the Chinese individuals with Mao Zedong Thought. Official Chinese magazines from the time of 1967 to 1970 are filled with numerous photos of residents holding, perusing, and remembering the Red Book. This proposition will follow the ascent and fall of pictures of the Red Book in the official Chinese distribution China Reconstructs. This proposition will utilize a graphical investigation of pictures in this distribution from 1966 to 1973 to show that purposeful publicity was not only an apparatus of the Socialist gathering yet in addition an impression of inner force battles inside the gathering during the Cultural Revolution. The Red Book was composed quite a long while before it turned into the object of national veneration and an apparatus for the Cultivation of Mao's character Cult. The historical backdrop of the Red Book and its transient ascent from a hand book for military volunteers to obligatory perusing for all Chinese residents, is intently attached to its designer Lin Biao's ascent to power. Lin Biao was conceived in 1907 and was fourteen years more youthful at that point Mao; he joined the socialist party in 1925 and until the socialists caught control of China was at different occasions accountable for opposition powers, and multitudes of socialist warriors. At the point when the socialists took control in 1949 Lin Biao was behind Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, and Deng Xiaoping in rank (Yan and Gao, 1996: 179). Be that as it may, after eighteen years during the stature of the Cultural Revolution Lin Biao by winning kindness with Mao by distributing and advocating the Red Book and the Cult of Mao turned out to be second just to the Chairman in force and position (Ming-Le, 1983: 80). In 1959 Peng Dehua was excused as clergyman of resistance and Lin Biao was selected in his place. At a military gathering for high units during September of that year Lin Biao, vigorously began advancing the Cult of Mao saying, Learning the works of companion Mao Zedong is the alternate route to learning Marxism-Leninism. Administrator Mao's works are anything but difficult to learn and can be put to utilize right away. Persistent work will deliver profits many crease. (Yan and Gao, 1996: 182) His references to easy route and brisk profits in his discourse went unnoticed at the time as not many anticipated the impacts of making a Religion around Mao. Be that as it may, thinking back on the Cultural Revolution and Lin Biao, we can see his utilizing the Cult of Mao was in reality an easy route that created enormous profits both for himself and for Mao. Mao to the Chinese individuals was an image sway and the development of communism; to them acclaim for Mao was fitting with his representative job in the public arena. Beginning in 1959 Lin Biao before military crowds so as to assist development with supporting for the Cult of Mao utilized such expressions as, the desperate need of obtaining Mao Zedong's idea, to contemplate the compositions of Mao Zedong with questions as a primary concern is to shoot bolts with focus in sight, we should arm our minds with Mao Zedong's idea (Yan a Gao, 1996: 181). Lin Biao's objective of working up both himself and the Cult of Mao lead him in September of 1960 to pass a goals at the gathering of the Military Commission, which called for progressively political instruction among the furnished powers (Yan and Gao, 1996: 181) Mao Zedong Thought is the compass for the Chinese individuals' transformation and communist development, the amazing ideological weapon against dominion, and the amazing ideological weapon against revisionism

Martin Seligman Biography and Psychological Theories

Martin Seligman Biography and Psychological Theories History and Biographies Print Martin Seligman Biography The Father of Modern Positive Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on May 24, 2018 More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe that bad events will last a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own fault. The optimists, who are confronted with the same hard knocks of this world, think about misfortune in the opposite way. They tend to believe that defeat is just a temporary setback or a challenge, that its causes are just confined to this one case.â€"Martin Seligman, Learned Optimism, 1991. Best Known For Learned helplessnessPositive psychology Early Life Martin Seligman was born on August 12, 1942, in Albany, New York. After graduating high school, he attended Princeton University where he earned an A.B. degree in 1964. In 1967, he earned a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. Career After working as an assistant professor at Cornell University, he returned to teach psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. During this time, he began researching learned helpless. Seligman discovered that when people feel they have no control over their situation, they tend to give up rather than fight for control. His research on helplessness and pessimism had important implications in the prevention and treatment of depression. Seligmans work researching learned pessimistic attitudes eventually led him to develop an interest in optimism, an interest that would eventually lead to the emergence of a new branch of psychology. In 1995, an important conversation with his daughter, Nikki, helped change the direction of his research. While weeding in the garden, Seligman became perturbed and yelled at his daughter. In a keynote address to the North Carolina Psychological Association, Seligman described how his daughter sternly reminded him that she had not whined once since she had vowed to give up whining on her fifth birthday. If she was capable of giving up whining, she reasoned, her father should be able to stop being such a grouch. In 1996, Seligman was elected President of the American Psychological Association by the largest vote in the organizations history. Each APA president is asked to choose a central theme for his or her term and Seligman selected positive psychology. Rather than focus on what ails us, he wanted mental health to be about more than just the absence of illness. Instead, Seligman strove to usher in a new era of psychology that also concentrates on what makes people feel happy and fulfilled. Today, Seligman is the director of the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania. Contributions to Psychology Influenced by earlier humanist thinkers like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, positive psychology has continued to grow over the past two decades. Seligman is often referred to as the father of modern positive psychology. In Haggbloom et al.s 2002 article on the most influential psychologists of the 20th century, Seligman was ranked as the 31st most eminent psychologist in addition to being the 13th most often cited psychologist in introductory psychology textbooks. Selected Publications Seligman, Martin E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.Seligman, Martin E. P. (1991). Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. New York: Knopf.Seligman, Martin E. P. (1993). What You Can Change and What You Cant: The Complete Guide to Successful Self-Improvement. New York: Knopf.Seligman, Martin E. P. (2002). Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Feminism - 1429 Words

Robert Youshock Prof. Matthew Gerber HIST 1012 10/19/18 Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Feminism before it was mainstream? Writing a paper on the topic of Frankenstein days before Halloween might give you the wrong idea- lets clear something up straight away Frankenstein is the doctor not the monster and the monster doesn’t have a name (which we later learn is mildly important to the story). You see, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is arguably a story of creation, murder, love, and learning amongst many other sad and depressing themes that perhaps root from Mary Shelley’s life. Mary Shelley’s mother, Mary Wollstonecraft was a well-known feminist author, that may have influenced her daughter’s work despite passing away a mere eleven days after†¦show more content†¦This could essentially be carried on making a connection between the two suggesting their method of pursing knowledge was unconventional and untraditional. One should be reminded that the method in which the monster absorbed knowledge i s by hiding in a shelter built next to a shed owned by the De Lacey’s and peering into a crack learning as they do, listening to them read and spectating the teaching of Safie. The monster learns everything she does from English vocabulary and reading to history. He learns about good and evil, human societies and reads three books found in the woods as well as the papers in the dressing gown he took from Frankenstein. This idea of not being the subject of the teaching, not being allowed to learn could be connected to that of women s education around 1818 when the book was published. Mary Shelley perhaps had some access to education but may not have been able to truly pursue her goals with higher education. According to an article on Shelley, â€Å"she didn t have a formal education,† but she did â€Å"make great use of her father s extensive library.† . This goes to show that the mere idea or suggestion that one can make connections to Shelley and the monster is not so farfetched after all. Yet perhaps it is not only the monster that Shelley relates to. Indeed, Victor Frankenstein himself had many accounts that could be connected to Mary over his fictional yet short lifetime living only to twenty-five years old. As you know over theShow MoreRelatedElements Of Feminism In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein804 Words   |  4 PagesMary Shelly’s Frankenstein has various elements of Feminism in the text. One particular feminist ideals that are present in the text is from the first wave of Feminism, her own mother, Mary Wollstonecraft. Using Wollstonecraft’s â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women† to illustrate that inequality and oppression and the lack of access to education for women, the essay will not only use the women in the story but also the monster itself to represent women before and after they achieve an educationRead MoreFeminism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesextremely limited and M ary Shelly does an excellent job in portraying this in her gothic novel, Frankenstein. Furthermore, in this novel, Mary Shelly shows how society considers women to be possessions rather than independent human beings. In addition, the female characters rely heavily on men for support and survival, thus proving their inability to do it on their own. Lastly, the female characters in this novel are in many ways victimized by the male characters. In conclusion, in Mary Shelly’s novel FrankensteinRead MoreOf The Pernicious Effects By Mary Shelley1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, and the article â€Å"Of the Pernicious Effects† by Mary Wollstonecraft, both have relations when regarding the importance of feminism during their time periods. Throughout Shelley’s novel feminism is addressed because she uses female characters to further her plot and display her viewpoints. If Wollstonecraft evaluated the female characters in Sh elley’s novel, she would realize that Elizabeth, Justine, and Safie all show an importance to the flow of the novelRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Shelleys Frankenstein with Brooks Young Frankenstein1031 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Shelleys Frankenstein with Brooks Young Frankenstein The 1818 book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and the 1972 movie Young Frankenstein by Mel Brooks both portray the differences in feminism regarding the cultural times through the character of Elizabeth. When Mary Shelley wrote the book Frankenstein, she was on a mission to pursue equal rights in education for her daughter. In Shelleys time, the only way to show feminine empowerment was to be literate and well-poisedRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1948 Words   |  8 Pagesanalyses to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Two of these analyses bring forth varied interpretations. Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar wrote â€Å"Mary Shelley’s Monstrous Eve.† Anne K. Mellor wrote â€Å"Possessing Nature: The Female in Frankenstein.† Gilbert and Gubar argue that Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein from the influence of her family in order to represent her personal life and life events. Mellor argues that the author wrote Frankenstein in order to represent ma ny themes upon the subject of feminism. â€Å"MaryRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1650 Words   |  7 Pagesthe book of Frankenstein does one just think of a mythical science fiction book that really has no meaning? Frankenstein can have numerous meanings depending on how a person perceives it. Frankenstein can be analyzed into many themes; some say religion, feminism, or scientific symbolization, it all depends on ones own perception. When one analyzes further into Mary Shelly’s life and then interprets the novel it is obvious that is a sociological theme. One can simply assume that Mary Shelley createsRead MoreThe Value And Knowledge Of Literature818 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge gain to the majority, is one of the most well-known and highly acclaimed novel, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. Analysis of biased nature and lack of multiple perspective analyses are problematic enough to depreciate the value of Frankenstein as innovative literature to low level horror story. It’s not a obvious social problem but a direct hit to the knowledge of Frankenstein’s millions of readers. Frankenstein is a fine example confronting a majority of its readers that are only able to analyzeRead MoreMary Shellys Frankenstein and the Consideration of Psychological Traumas Women Face in the Lack of Control Over Their Reproductive Organs1798 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Mary Shellys Frankenstein and the Consideration of Psychological Traumas Women Face in the Lack of Control Over Their Reproductive Organs I. Objective The objective of this study is to examine Mary Shellys work Frankenstein and to consider the psychological traumas women face in the lack of control over their reproductive organs. II. Introduction Women throughout the world have experienced psychological trauma over the lack of control over their reproductive organs and whether this traumaRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner1634 Words   |  7 PagesSince its publication in 1818, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has been translated into over 28 languages and sold millions on millions of copies (Anonymous). The im mense popularity largely stems from the novel’s connections to literary schools of criticism and several other written pieces. Specifically, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein intertwines with feminist criticism and directly compares to the Genesis creation story, as well as Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† When on the

Women During The Civil War - 1388 Words

The Civil War altered the lives of women, in both the North and South, just as it altered the nation as a whole. Although it is irrefutable that both the North and the South felt the wrath of the war, the South encountered a unique set of troubles that caused the weight of the war to fall predominantly on Southern women. Attempting to understand the experiences of all Southern women during the Civil War does not come without its challenges. It is impossible to connect the stories and experiences of all Confederate women without generalizing their history. However, by narrowing the analysis to a singular concentration of middle and upper class white-Southern women, there can be greater understanding of the complex relationship between the history of the Civil War and the Southern women who endured it. The diaries and letters left behind by Southern women are the greatest asset in understanding the experiences of the â€Å"Confederate woman.† Of course not all Southern women shared identical experiences, the gravity of the war effected women differently largely due to geographic locations, age and social status. However, by tracing specific themes through historical scholarship, Confederate diaries, and letters, it becomes easier to conceive that Southern women took on the heaviest burdens of the war. The first theme consist of Southern women’s entrance into the political discourse of the secession crisis and the subsequent war. The second theme consists of the initialShow MoreRelatedWomen During The Civil War1049 Words   |  5 PagesFor Civil War women in the 1860s it was predictable wisdom that a â€Å"woman’s place is in the home,† but the Civil War challenged this view. There were many women who played an important role in the Civil War. It is normal to think the Civil War was a man’s fight. However during the war, many women challenged the role of the women and took on different roles. While the men marched off to war, the women had to work hard and try to provide for their families. Women became doctors, spies, nurses, couriersRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Civil War, some of the more notable names were: Ulysses S. Grant, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, and George Custer. These names are synonymous with great generals who fought great battles during the war, but what about Sarah Emma Edmonds, Clara Burton, Dorthea Dix, Rose O’Neal Greenhow, and Loreta Janeta Velazquez? These names are not as known as their male counterparts, but these ladies of the Civil War Era did their part to aide their respective sides in the war. What these and other women didRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War has often been referred to as the war be tween brothers, but when the war started women were still expected to stay at home and take care of the house and children, with little to no income. Many stories that originated from the Civil War talk about the battlefront and not the home front. This leaves us wondering what the spouses of the soldiers did to survive, especially if they had multiple children in the home. We do not know what women did during the war and if they had any impactRead MoreWomen During The Civil War2024 Words   |  9 PagesIn the 1860’s, American society during the war was of two minds. To fully illustrate the discontent and anger felt for the war, analysis of the personal accounts of women during the Civil War will be introduced in this writing. The personal accounts include diary excerpts and letters, as well as an illustration produced at the time of the war. The wavering of unity on both the South and North due to the separation of family and the destruction of the United States and its ind ividuals set the toneRead MoreWomen During The Civil War2226 Words   |  9 Pagesof women in society have always been a topic for debate. Some think women should be in the kitchen cooking meal and having lots children. Others feel that women can contribute to society in ways that are not a part of the family home, but outside the in board rooms and operating rooms. This paper is going to argue how chauvinistic thoughts of women helped propel the female gender into great spies during the civil war. During the era of the civil war attitudes of women spying during a war wasRead MoreWomen During The Civil War Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesworld dominated by men, women had been forced to comply with society s blinding notion that they were pieces of property meant to play the domesticated role of a dutiful housewife. This was true up until the late 1840s when women began to realize their worth was so much more than a floor-moping, dinner-making, stain-bleaching slave to six child ren and an ungrateful husband. That may sound rash and some situations may have been different, but before the civil war these women did not have the opportunitiesRead MoreWomen During The Civil War3240 Words   |  13 PagesThe American Civil War was a time of pronounced racial and gender role changes. Despite political tension and fighting, many women began to hold a variety of jobs in order to make valuable contributions to the war effort. Moreover, a patriarchal government governed the effects of slavery and the economy. Nonetheless, the influence women had during the Civil War tends to be minimized, especially African American women. Despite facing discrimination, black women greatly influenced the war effort. TheRead MoreWomen During The Civil War Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesworld dominated by men, women had been forced to comply with society s blinding notion that they were pieces of property meant to play the domesticated role of a dutiful housewife. This was true up un til the late 1840s when women began to realize their worth was so much more than a floor-moping, dinner-making, stain-bleaching slave to six children and an ungrateful husband. That may sound rash and some situations may have been different, but before the civil war these women did not have the opportunitiesRead MoreWomen During The Civil War997 Words   |  4 PagesMany people believe that women did not play any essential roles in our country’s history until the 1960s. However, this is not the case. Women have played many vital roles in suffrage movements as attempts to shed light upon or cure many of the ills of American society throughout American history. As an example, women fought to change the course and ideologies that were bestowed upon them by the traditional viewpoints of society of the time. The status of women was shifting rapidly in the ProgressiveRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1336 Words   |  6 Pages Women have been increasingly praised for having excellent skills for leadership. Women, more than men, manifest leadership styles associated with effective performance as leaders. However, more people prefer male than female bosses. That has made it more difficult for women to become leaders and to succeed in male-dominated leadership roles. An American woman in the workforce is often overlooked when studying the progress of American society. American women have gone through struggles

Microsoft Corporation Free Essays

Microsoft Corporation is a leading software company in the world. Its core businesses include Platform Products and Services Division, Business Division and the Entertainment and Devices Division. It is committed to the long term mission of helping its customers realize their full potential. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It constantly updates and improves its products and continuously accelerate new technologies as they emerge serve its customers better. The web site of Microsoft is one of the best developed websites providing a wealth of online information to its visitor. The information includes that of the company, its social initiatives, news, contact details, careers at Microsoft etc. The company provides a number of sites for its products. These sites provide online information about the company products and their features, product upgrades, product downloads and all the assistance required by the customers to use their products. There is a great amount of valuable information on the products site of Microsoft Corporation. The first useful information is the links to Microsoft’s product families including windows, Windows Server Systems, Business Solutions, Office, Developer Tools, Games and Xbox, MSN and Windows Mobile. This information will enable me to easily identify the product of my interest. The next useful information is about the product categories including Home and entertainment, Finance, Hardware and Books and training. There is also valuable information about the more popular products of Microsoft and its key technologies. I can also find valuable information in the link to trial software. The link helps me to get online information about the different trial software of Microsoft that are available in different product families. From each trial software link we can get the overview about the benefits of each product, its main features and support and security features. It provides details about the system requirements. Once we are able to evaluate and decide on the product to be ordered for trial then the site helps is in the procedures that are involved in buying a trial compact disc or downloading the trial software along with the necessary system requirements for the trail download. The site provides information as to how the product of our choice can be ordered online and the retailer through whom we can place the order for our product. If we plan to purchase five or more licenses, information of the volume licensing can be got based on whether our organization is a business or an educational institution. Information of the license agreement is also displayed. Once order has been placed information about how to track the status of the order is also provided. The site also provides the information about how I can use the product information center better using online chat and telephone. The Website Link to Microsoft office word 2003 provides detailed information to me about one of the best selling product of Microsoft Corporation. I can get the overview of Microsoft Word 2003 along with the features of the product like its ability to collaborate using Windows share point services, help control distribution of sensitive documents, create organizational solutions with XML and gather information on MS Word. The site provides information about the requirements of the system with reference to the operating system, processor, memory, hard disk, drive, display, Internet connection and other information necessary to use the product effectively. The site provides the price of the full version of the product and also states the price of the upgrade version. I can use a link on the site to order online the full version or the upgrade of the product. I can check the status of back order using an appropriate link in the web site. The most helpful feature of the site to me is the information provided on the link of Word 2003 tour. It provides information with the aid of pictorial presentations, about how to simplify collaboration and reduce version control issues, control document distribution, control editing and formatting changes, see comments and revision marks more easily, create organizational solutions with XML, use smart documents to reuse data stored in word 2003 documents and customized functionality with enhanced smart tags. The site also provides assistance as to how to find facts easily, get help when needed, read comfortably, mark documents and send faxes by internet. I can also take the online test drive of the latest version of MS Word. MS Product licensing advisor provides an easy-to-use online tool with reference to product licensing. For the small business I am running there is comprehensive information about MS small business edition 2003. The site provides an overview of the product and its benefit like the ease of use and its suitability to help me managing customers and sales opportunities, create marketing material, manage e-mail communications and information sharing. The information with reference to price and system requirements and the procedure to buy online are also provided. Microsoft Corporation has developed an excellent website that provides comprehensive information that enables me to study and buy their products with the utmost ease. References Microsoft. Retrieved November 17, 2006 From http://www.microsoft.com/       How to cite Microsoft Corporation, Essay examples Microsoft Corporation Free Essays Java is an object-oriented programming language that is developed to be used on the Web, other intranet processes, and other applications. Nowadays, the network-computing environments are evolving from the old back-end systems to more modern dynamic interfaces on the web. Java, being purely object-oriented unlike C++, becomes well-matched to today’s progression. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since some of the software development companies today are shifting to Java-based application development, Sun Microsystems (developers of Java) and Microsoft Corporation agreed to create a development platform that incorporates Java to the Microsoft . Net framework. Sun Microsystems’ release of Java to the public as open source in 2007 is considered by some experts as an action that is â€Å"a little too late† since its rival companies had already established platforms, like Microsoft’ . Net Framework. With the reputable rival technologies, the popularity of Java has lessened. The report that Greiner made tackled the past conflicts between Sun Microsystems and Microsoft Corporation. She also presented what are the current happenings in terms of the development of Java as a software development platform. Greiner also described, with all the agreements and developments of Java, what will happen to Java during the next years. The author has given a description on what the software development community should expect with regards to incorporation of Java to the Microsoft . Net platform. The agreement of two of the most successful corporations in the software development industry will have a big impact to the community. Nowadays, many organizations chooses on whether to use Java as their platform or other rival technologies based on the preferences, skills, knowledge, and familiarity of their IT staff members. Implementing a platform by which the programming staff of a certain organization is knowledgeable and familiar with will assist to lessen the development duration. The familiarity will also decrease the costs for staff training and may improve the quality of the finished software product. We all know that Java excels in some areas in the software development industry, but there are also other practical options around that any software developer may use in order to complete his projects. Other than deciding to deploy Java, another significant decision that a particular organization will have to make is on choosing what platform to use: JavaEE or Microsoft . Net. Currently, most software developers prefer to use Java than . Net but in terms of the usage of the platforms, Java EE and Microsoft . Net are becoming more leveled. Java first became more popular with respect to capability than . Net, but since . Net has been able to narrow down the capability space between . Net and Java, the popularity gap is becoming a little narrower. There are some factors that greatly affect on the decision on whether to use Java EE or Microsoft . Net. If an organization will choose the . Net platform, the choices of development tools will be limited to Microsoft Visual Studio. On the other hand, choosing Java EE platform will give a much wider range of software tools. If a developer is not comfortable with Visual Studio, . Net’s problem of limited development tools will be a problem. Greiner argues that other than choosing whether what platform should be adapted, a significant consideration on choosing between the development tools required by respective platforms should be made. The critical part is choosing what development tools are familiar to the IT staff of a certain organization. The author suggests that organizations and companies that have homogenized on using Microsoft technology will have better results if they use the Microsoft . Net platform. Reference: Greiner, Lynn. 2008. Java-Based Application Development Technology. Faulkner Information Services. How to cite Microsoft Corporation, Papers

Shouldice Hospital Case Solution Essay Example

Shouldice Hospital Case Solution Paper Q. What are the unique features of Shouldice’s services, as compared to that of a typical hospital? A. The hospital focused on this new procedure for treatment of external types of abdominal hernias. Some differentiating features of the Shouldice process were the arranging of abdominal muscles into three distinct layers, reinforcing the abdominal wall with six rows of sutures and did not involve any insertion of screen and mesh under the skin. Beyond the surgical procedure, it was the service process of the hospital that differentiated it from others. †¢The patients were sedated in their rooms prior to being taken to the operating rooms. †¢The hospital encouraged the patients to explore the premises, talk to other people about their problems and make new friends during their stay. †¢The patients were encouraged to move around freely even right after the operation. Lack of telephones or televisions in their rooms also encouraged patients to move about to take a call or watch television. †¢ Every square foot of the hospital was carpeted except the operating rooms to give a unique experience to the patients. Ministers were treated for free and parents accompanying children were allowed free stay. The unique process followed by the hospital helps it to better serve its patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Case Solution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Case Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Case Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While the typical recurrence rate for the hernia approaches 10%, the gross recurrence rate for all operations performed at Shouldice was only 0. 8%. The average patient stay at Shouldice was 3-4 days, which was way below the normal 7-8 days for general hospitals. The patients needed 1-4 weeks of rest compared with 2-8 weeks for the general procedure. Compared with the $2,000-4,000 cost of the operation in general, the cost of the entire procedure at Shouldice was only around $900 (excluding travel). The customer orientation was rounded off by an annual reunion in mid-January where the doctors provided free checkup to its alumni. The medical staff was unique in the sense that most doctors were interested in having balanced personal and professional lives. Also, any doctor who patient returned with recurrence was asked to look into the case again. The nurse-to-patient ratio and housekeeping staff was low since patients needed minimal physical assistance. Employee turnover was also low since the hospital cared for its employees by not laying off anyone and giving bonuses. The administrative staff had working knowledge of others’ tasks and helped each other out whenever needed. Using the concept of Customer-Contact Matrix, we believe that Shouldice Hospital fits into the Hybrid Office Category. The three main characteristics of a Hybrid Office have been briefly explained in light of Shouldice Hospital’s features: †¢A Hybrid Office has moderate levels of customer contact and standard services with some options from which the customer chooses. In Shouldice, the doctors and administrative staff, though highly supportive of the patients, still spent much of their time in activities not involving interaction with the patient. †¢The workflow is complex and some customization exists in the process performance. To elaborate, every patient is unique and treatment requires some degree of customization to take this uniqueness into consideration. Further, there are 2 types of procedures depending on whether the case is a first-time case or a recurrence. †¢The sub-processes are repeated periodically as part of the parent process. For instance, patients exercise repeatedly and periodically at Shouldice as a part of their treatment process. Further special features include: †¢The treatment technique used for Hernia was much superior compared to others and included recreational activities that encouraged healthy environment for the patients’ quick recovery. †¢The way the hospital handled patients is another feature. At all points of patient contact, hospital staff would be encouraging and improve the morale of the patient. They would be motivated to exercise by nurses and housekeepers. The hospital’s administrative structure was such nearly everyone had a working knowledge of others’ tasks and helped each other out rather than being involved in only specific tasks, unlike in other hospitals. The hospital’s concern for employees reflected in its low turnover also keeps employees and therefore patients satisfied. †¢The facility, designed by Dr. Byrnes Shouldice, ensured that patients would have to walk and be mobile. Further, efforts were taken to ensure that the place did not seem like a hospital but had a more positive image in the eyes of the patients. Q. As Dr. Shouldice, what actions, if any, would you take to expand the hospital’s capacity? We describe the processes in an average day at Shouldice: PATIENT’S AVERAGE DAY- morning (6:45 am- 12:30 pm) Starting time: 6:45 am 7:25- 7:30 am 8:25am PATIENT’S AVERAGE DAY- afternoon (1 pm- 4 pm) CAPACITY CALCULATIONS The following gives capacity calculations for the various resources in the system. 1. OPERATION THEATER Minimum time for surgery : 45 mins (82%) Maximum time for surgery: 75 mins (18% average 60-90 mins) Average time for surgery: 50. 4mins Allowing for delays, surgery time: 55 mins Morning session: 5 hours Afternoon session: 3 hours Maximum capacity of 5 op rooms: (5*60/55)*5+(3*60/55)*5= 40 operations/ day = 40 operations /day = 200 operations/ week 2. HOSPITAL BEDS Number of beds available in hospital: 89 Number of beds available in clinic : 14 Total number of beds available : 103 Maximum number of patients handled by (non-empty) system: 103*5/3 (average stay of each patient is 3 days) = 171 patients/ week In this system, bottleneck is in the hospital bed Hence, maximum number of patients treated a week: restricted to 171 Actual value (from case) : 145- 165 EVALUATION OF OPTIONS We proceed to evaluate the various options available to the management at Shouldice. Option 1: Adding Beds and utilizing Operation room to full capacity Investment $ 2 Million Costs per patient admitted: 2000000/(155*50) = $258 (15 patients admitted per week for 50 working weeks, 2 weeks maintenance; budget costs estimated per year for clinic were $2 million as per 1983) Revenue per patient 450 +0. 49*60 = $479. 4 ($450 surgical fees, 49% of assistant fees towards revenue) Profits per patient (479. 4-258) = $221. 4 Increase in profits (per year) 221. 4*45*50 = $498,150 (By using operation rooms to maximum utility, we can operate (200-155) or 45 patients more, leading to increased profits) Time for recovery of costs = $2,000,000/498150 = 4. 01 = 4 years Option 2: Working on Saturdays New budget allocation to clinic for increased work hours 2000000*300/250 = $2. 4mn Costs per patient admitted: = $258 Revenue per patient 450 +0. 49*60 = $479. 4 Profits per patient (479. 4-258) = $221. 4 Increase in profits (per year) 221. 4*31*50 = $343,170 (By working on Saturdays, we can accommodate (31*6-155) or 31 patients more, leading to increased profits) Note: Introduction of work on Saturday is likely to be met with stiff opposition by the doctors, hence could require more analysis and could lead to more problems like non cooperation, etc. Option 3: Construct a new hospital with similar capacity in the US We start by calculating the total cost of constructing the hospital of a similar design and capacity in US. We assume land and construction costs to be similar across the two countries. To calculate the construction cost of the clinic, we scale down the cost of one hospital level. Since one hospital level houses 45 patients and one of the clinic levels has room to house 14 patients, we use this information to get the construction cost of the clinic. We assume the land cost to be 40-50% of the construction cost and this value contains enough margins for miscellaneous costs. Finally, we calculate the time taken for the hospital to recover its fixed cost for two situations. In the former case, we consider only the profits from the clinic while in the latter case, we also include the profits from the increase the fee by the minimum Airline costs USA patients would save on. Cost of adding one level to the hospital= $2,000,000 Cost of constructing a similar hospital= 3 * $2,000,000 (The current hospital has 3 levels) = $6,000,000 Cost of adding one level of clinic= ($2,000,000 * 14) / 45 (Each hospital level has 45 beds, one clinic level has 14 beds) = $650,000 Cost of constructing a similar clinic= 4 * $650,000 + 5 * $30,000 (The current clinic has 4 levels, 5 operating rooms) = $2,750,000 Total cost of construction= Cost of Hospital + clinic = $6,000,000 + $2,750,000 = $8,750,000 Cost of land= 45% of construction costs (We assume the land cost to be 40-50% of construction cost) = $4,000,000 Total cost of hospital project= $12,750,000 Profit to clinic from each patient= $220 (Shown above in Option 1) Average number of patients per week= 155 Total number of weeks in operation per year= 50 Total profit from new hospital per year= $220 * 155 * 50 = $1,700,000 Increased fees to recover capital costs= $200 (Hospital charges minimum Airline cost that USA patients save) Total profit from increased fees= $1,550,000. Time taken to recover cost if no increase in fees= $12,750,000 / $1,700,000 = 7. 5 years (approx. ) Time taken to recover cost with increased fees= $12,750,000 / $3,250,000 = 4 years (approx. ) This option takes care of a lot of problems faced by the hospital. The need for the hospital to increase the working hours of the employees, as was the case in the last two options, does not exist since the new hospital would need new employees. Since 42% of Shouldice patients belong to US, it also reduces the load on the present setup. The hospital also does not have to deal with unhelpful government regulation in Canada. The hospital will be able to handle the problems of patients going to unqualified doctors since it will give such patients the option of coming directly to them. The service quality of the hospital cannot be maintained if it increases capacity at its current site and hence it must look to setup new facilities to maintain its standards and service more patients closer to their home. The capital cost incurred by the hospital can also be recovered within a period of 4 years by a small increase that the US patients were paying anyway. We feel that the management of Shouldice hospital should go with this option.